Jagger Pamela, Shively Gerald
Department of Public Policy and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#8120 East University Square Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599-3435.
Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907.
Energy Policy. 2014 Apr 1;67:713-726. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.068.
This paper examines how biomass supply and consumption are affected by land use change in Uganda. We find that between 2007 and 2012 there was a 22% reduction in fuelwood sourced from proximate forests, and an 18% increase in fuelwood sourced from fallows and other areas with lower biomass availability and quality. We estimate a series of panel regression models and find that deforestation has a negative effect on total fuel consumed. We also find that access to forests, whether through ownership or proximity, plays a large role in determining fuel use. We then explore whether patterns of biomass fuel consumption are related to the incidence of acute respiratory infection using a cross-sectional data set of 1209 women and 598 children. We find a positive and significant relationship between ARI and the quantity of fuelwood from non-forest areas; a 100 kilogram increase in fuelwood sourced from a non-forest area results in a 2.4% increase in the incidence of ARI for children. We find the inverse effect of increased reliance on crop residues. As deforestation reduces the availability of high quality fuelwood, rural households may experience higher incidence of health problems associated with exposure to biomass burning.
本文研究了乌干达土地利用变化如何影响生物质供应和消费。我们发现，2007年至2012年间，来自附近森林的薪柴减少了22%，而来自休耕地和其他生物质可获得性及质量较低地区的薪柴增加了18%。我们估计了一系列面板回归模型，发现森林砍伐对总燃料消耗有负面影响。我们还发现，无论是通过所有权还是接近程度来获取森林资源，在决定燃料使用方面都起着很大作用。然后，我们使用1209名妇女和598名儿童的横断面数据集，探讨生物质燃料消费模式是否与急性呼吸道感染的发病率有关。我们发现急性呼吸道感染与来自非森林地区的薪柴数量之间存在正相关且显著的关系；来自非森林地区的薪柴每增加100公斤，儿童急性呼吸道感染的发病率就会增加2.4%。我们发现对作物残渣依赖增加会产生相反的效果。由于森林砍伐减少了高质量薪柴的可获得性，农村家庭可能会面临与接触生物质燃烧相关的健康问题发病率上升的情况。
