Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Mol Plant. 2014 Apr;7(4):586-600. doi: 10.1093/mp/ssu018. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
To accommodate two seemingly contradictory biological roles in plant physiology, providing both the rigid structural support of plant cells and the adjustable elasticity needed for cell expansion, the composition of the plant cell wall has evolved to become an intricate network of cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and pectic polysaccharides and protein. Due to its complexity, many aspects of the cell wall influence plant cell expansion, and many new and insightful observations and technologies are forthcoming. The biosynthesis of cell wall polymers and the roles of the variety of proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis continue to be characterized. The interactions within the cell wall polymer network and the modification of these interactions provide insight into how the plant cell wall provides its dual function. The complex cell wall architecture is controlled and organized in part by the dynamic intracellular cytoskeleton and by diverse trafficking pathways of the cell wall polymers and cell wall-related machinery. Meanwhile, the cell wall is continually influenced by hormonal and integrity sensing stimuli that are perceived by the cell. These many processes cooperate to construct, maintain, and manipulate the intricate plant cell wall--an essential structure for the sustaining of the plant stature, growth, and life.
为了适应植物生理学中两个看似矛盾的生物学角色，既要提供植物细胞的刚性结构支撑，又要提供细胞扩张所需的可调节弹性，植物细胞壁的组成已经进化成为纤维素、半纤维素和果胶多糖以及蛋白质的复杂网络。由于其复杂性，细胞壁的许多方面都会影响植物细胞的扩张，并且许多新的和有见地的观察结果和技术即将出现。细胞壁聚合物的生物合成以及参与多糖合成的各种蛋白质的作用仍在不断被描述。细胞壁聚合物网络内的相互作用以及这些相互作用的修饰提供了关于植物细胞壁如何提供其双重功能的见解。复杂的细胞壁结构部分受到细胞内动态细胞骨架和细胞壁聚合物以及与细胞壁相关的机器的各种运输途径的控制和组织。同时，细胞壁不断受到细胞感知的激素和完整性感应刺激的影响。这些众多过程共同构建、维持和操纵复杂的植物细胞壁——这是维持植物形态、生长和生命的必要结构。
