芬兰高山滑雪运动员损伤情况——一项基于对滑雪比赛选手问卷调查的两年回顾性研究
Alpine skiing injuries in Finland - a two-year retrospective study based on a questionnaire among Ski racers.
作者信息
Stenroos Antti J, Handolin Lauri E
机构信息
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 266, Helsinki, HUS FI-00026, Finland.
出版信息
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2014 Feb 24;6(1):9. doi: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-9.
BACKGROUND
Alpine skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in the world. Nevertheless, it has always been associated with a high risk of injury. There are however, only a few studies that have examined the risk of injury of competitive skiers, especially of the junior ski racers.
METHODS
The inclusion criterion was an injury in alpine skiing resulting in a pause in training longer than one week. Athletes of all ages were included. The study period was from the start of the season of 2008-2009 to end of the season of 2009-2010 (two years).
RESULTS
The average annual number of ski racers in Finland was 661. There were 61 injuries (36 males with a median age of 14 years, 25 females with a median age of 14) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Ligamentous knee injury was the most frequent (17) and lower leg fracture the second common (16) injury, respectively. There was a female dominance in the ACL injuries. Only one major abdominal injury and no major head injuries were observed. The overall training pause was 26 weeks after the ACL injury and 17 weeks after the lower leg fracture, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The most common and most disabling injuries affect the knee and the lower leg. The high number of lower leg and ACL injuries is alarming. A continuous and careful monitoring of injuries needs to be established to assess this trend. A systematic review of injuries is the appropriate way to monitor the effects of changes made in terms of safety. The present retrospective two-year pilot study forms a base for a continuous alpine ski injury survey in Finland.
背景
高山滑雪是世界上最受欢迎的冬季运动之一。然而，它一直与高受伤风险相关。不过，仅有少数研究考察了竞技滑雪者，尤其是青少年滑雪选手的受伤风险。
方法
纳入标准为高山滑雪中导致训练中断超过一周的损伤。纳入所有年龄段的运动员。研究时间段为2008 - 2009赛季开始至2009 - 2010赛季结束（两年）。
结果
芬兰滑雪选手的年均数量为661名。有61例损伤（36名男性，中位年龄14岁；25名女性，中位年龄14岁）符合纳入标准。膝部韧带损伤最为常见（17例），小腿骨折为第二常见损伤（16例）。前交叉韧带损伤中女性占主导。仅观察到1例严重腹部损伤，未观察到严重头部损伤。前交叉韧带损伤后的总体训练中断时间为26周，小腿骨折后为17周。
结论
最常见且最致残的损伤影响膝部和小腿。小腿和前交叉韧带损伤数量之多令人担忧。需要建立持续且细致的损伤监测以评估这一趋势。对损伤进行系统综述是监测安全方面所做改变效果的恰当方式。本为期两年的回顾性试点研究为芬兰持续开展的高山滑雪损伤调查奠定了基础。
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