1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and.
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014 Feb;11(2):236-42. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201311-391FR.
Use of electronic cigarettes, devices that deliver a nicotine-containing vapor, has increased rapidly across the country and globally. Perceived and marketed as a "healthier alternative" to conventional cigarettes, few data exist regarding the safety of these devices and their efficacy in harm reduction and treatment of tobacco dependence; even less is known about their overall impact on population health. This review highlights the recent data regarding electronic cigarette toxicity, impact on lung function, and efficacy in smoking reduction and cessation. Studies show that the vapor generated from electronic cigarettes has variable amounts of nicotine and potential harmful toxins, albeit at levels lower than in conventional cigarettes. The long-term carcinogenic and lung function effects of electronic cigarettes are not known. Although some data demonstrate that electronic cigarettes may be effective in reducing conventional cigarette consumption, there are no data demonstrating the efficacy of electronic cigarettes as a tool to achieve cessation. Until robust longitudinal evaluations demonstrate the safety of electronic cigarettes and efficacy in treatment of tobacco dependence, their role as a harm reduction tool is unclear.
电子烟，即通过蒸发含有尼古丁的液体来产生烟雾的设备，在全国乃至全球范围内的使用迅速增加。电子烟被认为是传统香烟的一种“更健康的替代品”，但关于这些设备的安全性以及它们在减少伤害和治疗烟草依赖方面的功效的数据很少；关于它们对人群健康的整体影响，人们知之甚少。这篇综述强调了最近关于电子烟毒性、对肺功能的影响以及减少和戒烟效果的数据。研究表明，电子烟产生的蒸汽含有不同量的尼古丁和潜在的有害毒素，尽管其含量低于传统香烟。电子烟对长期致癌和肺功能的影响尚不清楚。尽管一些数据表明电子烟可能有助于减少传统香烟的消费，但没有数据表明电子烟作为戒烟工具的功效。在强有力的纵向评估证明电子烟的安全性和治疗烟草依赖的功效之前，其作为减少伤害工具的作用尚不清楚。
