Kirunda Halid, Erima Bernard, Tumushabe Agnes, Kiconco Jocelyn, Tugume Titus, Mulei Sophia, Mimbe Derrick, Mworozi Edison, Bwogi Josephine, Luswa Lukwago, Kibuuka Hannah, Millard Monica, Byaruhanga Achilles, Ducatez Mariette F, Krauss Scott, Webby Richard J, Webster Robert G, Wurapa Kofi, Byarugaba Denis K, Wabwire-Mangen Fred
National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P,O, Box 96, Tororo, Uganda.
BMC Vet Res. 2014 Feb 27;10:50. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-50.
Avian influenza viruses may cause severe disease in a variety of domestic animal species worldwide, with high mortality in chickens and turkeys. To reduce the information gap about prevalence of these viruses in animals in Uganda, this study was undertaken.
Influenza A virus prevalence by RT-PCR was 1.1% (45/4,052) while seroprevalence by ELISA was 0.8% (24/2,970). Virus prevalence was highest in domestic ducks (2.7%, 17/629) and turkeys (2.6%, 2/76), followed by free-living waterfowl (1.3%, 12/929) and swine (1.4%, 7/511). A lower proportion of chicken samples (0.4%, 7/1,865) tested positive. No influenza A virus was isolated. A seasonal prevalence of these viruses in waterfowl was 0.7% (4/561) for the dry and 2.2% (8/368) for the wet season. In poultry, prevalence was 0.2% (2/863) for the dry and 1.4% (24/1,713) for the wet season, while that of swine was 0.0% (0/159) and 2.0% (7/352) in the two seasons, respectively. Of the 45 RT-PCR positive samples, 13 (28.9%) of them were H5 but none was H7. The 19 swine sera positive for influenza antibodies by ELISA were positive for H1 antibodies by HAI assay, but the subtype(s) of ELISA positive poultry sera could not be determined. Antibodies in the poultry sera could have been those against subtypes not included in the HAI test panel.
The study has demonstrated occurrence of influenza A viruses in animals in Uganda. The results suggest that increase in volumes of migratory waterfowl in the country could be associated with increased prevalence of these viruses in free-living waterfowl and poultry.
禽流感病毒可在全球多种家畜物种中引发严重疾病，鸡和火鸡的死亡率很高。为减少乌干达动物中这些病毒流行情况方面的信息差距，开展了本研究。
通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测的甲型流感病毒流行率为1.1%（45/4052），而通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测的血清流行率为0.8%（24/2970）。病毒流行率在家鸭中最高（2.7%，17/629），其次是火鸡（2.6%，2/76），然后是野生水禽（1.3%，12/929）和猪（1.4%，7/511）。鸡样本检测呈阳性的比例较低（0.4%，7/1865）。未分离到甲型流感病毒。这些病毒在水禽中的季节性流行率在旱季为0.7%（4/561），在雨季为2.2%（8/368）。在家禽中，旱季流行率为（2/863），雨季为1.4%（24/1713），而猪在两个季节的流行率分别为0.0%（0/159）和2.0%（7/352）。在45个RT-PCR阳性样本中，13个（28.9%）为H5亚型，但均无H7亚型。通过ELISA检测出的19份猪流感抗体阳性血清，通过血凝抑制试验（HAI）检测为H1抗体阳性，但ELISA阳性家禽血清的亚型无法确定。家禽血清中的抗体可能是针对HAI检测组中未包含的亚型产生的。
该研究证明乌干达动物中存在甲型流感病毒。结果表明，该国候鸟数量的增加可能与野生水禽和家禽中这些病毒流行率的上升有关。
