Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
J Intern Med. 2013 Jul;274(1):52-66. doi: 10.1111/joim.12044. Epub 2013 Mar 2.
Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome.
We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24 weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55 years, BMI 31.6 kg m(-2) , 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids.
Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmol L(-1) 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P = 0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P = 0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37 ng L(-1) , P = 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P = 0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P = 0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra.
Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
不同的健康饮食模式可能会改变心血管代谢风险。我们研究了等热量的健康北欧饮食对代谢综合征患者胰岛素敏感性、血脂谱、血压和炎症标志物的影响。
我们进行了一项为期 18-24 周的随机饮食研究，纳入了具有代谢综合征特征的个体（平均年龄 55 岁，BMI 31.6kg/m²，67%为女性）。共有 309 人接受了筛查，200 人在 4 周的适应期后开始干预，96 人（失访率为 7.9%）和 70 人（失访率为 27%）分别完成了健康饮食组和对照饮食组的研究。健康饮食包括全麦食品、浆果、水果和蔬菜、菜籽油、每周三次鱼餐和低脂乳制品。普通的北欧饮食作为对照饮食。通过重复的 4 天食物日记和血清磷脂脂肪酸组成来监测依从性。
体重保持稳定，胰岛素敏感性或血压无明显变化。两组之间有显著变化的是非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（-0.18mmol/L，95%置信区间-0.35；-0.01，P=0.04）、低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（-0.15mmol/L，-0.28；-0.00，P=0.046）和载脂蛋白 B 与载脂蛋白 A1 比值（-0.04mmol/L，-0.07；-0.00，P=0.025），有利于健康饮食。IL-1Ra 在对照饮食期间增加（差值-84，-133；-37ng/L，P=0.00053）。饱和脂肪（E%，β估计值 4.28，0.02；8.53，P=0.049）和镁（mg，-0.23，-0.41；-0.05，P=0.012）的摄入量与 IL-1Ra 有关。
健康的北欧饮食改善了血脂谱，并对低度炎症有有益影响。
