McCarthy Sinéad
Consumer Behaviour for Food and Health, Food Market & Consumer Research Group, Department of Agrifood Business & Spatial Analysis, Rural Economy and Development Programme, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
Physiol Behav. 2014 Jul;134:55-9. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.046. Epub 2014 Mar 1.
Human behaviour is made up of many repeated patterns and habitual behaviours. Our day to day lives are punctuated by work, education, domestic chores, sleep and food. Changes in daily patterns such as not working in paid employment or attending school on the weekend contribute significantly to changes in dietary patterns of food consumption, patterns of physical activity and ultimately energy balance. The aim of this paper is to adopt a life-course perspective and explore the changes in dietary quality and physical activity patterns across the week from young children to elderly adults with a focus on Western cultures. Research literature indicates that the dietary quality is somewhat poorer on the weekends, characterised by higher fat intakes, higher alcohol intakes and consequently higher energy intakes. This increase in energy intake is not necessarily offset by an increase in activity, rather an increase in sedentary behaviours. Some research has observed an increase of more than 100 cal per day over the weekend in American adults. Over the course of one year, this can result in a significant increase in body mass. Some of the interventions in tackling obesity and diet related behaviours must focus on the changes in the weekend behaviour of consumers in terms of both food and activity. These efforts should also focus on increasing consumer awareness of the long term consequences of the short lived weekend excess as well as putting in place practical measures and interventions that are evidence based and targeted to consumer needs.
人类行为由许多重复模式和习惯性行为组成。我们的日常生活被工作、教育、家务、睡眠和饮食所穿插。日常模式的变化，如周末不从事有偿工作或上学，会显著影响食物消费的饮食模式、身体活动模式，最终影响能量平衡。本文旨在从生命历程的角度出发，探讨从幼儿到老年人一周内饮食质量和身体活动模式的变化，重点关注西方文化。研究文献表明，周末的饮食质量相对较差，其特点是脂肪摄入量较高、酒精摄入量较高，因此能量摄入量也较高。能量摄入的增加不一定会被活动量的增加所抵消，相反，久坐行为会增加。一些研究观察到，美国成年人在周末每天的能量摄入量增加超过100卡路里。在一年的时间里，这可能导致体重显著增加。一些应对肥胖和与饮食相关行为的干预措施必须关注消费者在周末的食物和活动行为变化。这些努力还应注重提高消费者对周末短暂过量饮食的长期后果的认识，并制定基于证据且针对消费者需求的实际措施和干预措施。
