Zingg Matthias Alexander, Karner-Rezek Klaus, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat, Lepers Romuald, Rüst Christoph Alexander
Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Springerplus. 2014 Feb 18;3:97. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-97. eCollection 2014.
It has been assumed that women would be able to outrun men in ultra-marathon running. The present study investigated the sex differences in running speed in ultra-marathons held worldwide from 50 km to 1,000 km. Changes in running speeds and the sex differences in running speeds in the annual fastest finishers in 50 km, 100 km, 200 km and 1,000 km events held worldwide from 1969-2012 were analysed using linear, non-linear and multi-level regression analyses. For the annual fastest and the annual ten fastest finishers, running speeds increased non-linearly in 50 km and 100 km, but not in 200 km and 1,000 km where running speeds remained unchanged for the annual fastest. The sex differences decreased non-linearly in 50 km and 100 km, but not in 200 and 1,000 km where the sex difference remained unchanged for the annual fastest. For the fastest women and men ever, the sex difference in running speed was lowest in 100 km (5.0%) and highest in 50 km (15.4%). For the ten fastest women and men ever, the sex difference was lowest in 100 km (10.0 ± 3.0%) and highest in 200 km (27.3 ± 5.7%). For both the fastest (r(2) = 0.003, p = 0.82) and the ten fastest finishers ever (r(2) = 0.34, p = 0.41) in 50 km, 100 km, 200 km and 1,000 km, we found no correlation between sex difference in performance and running speed. To summarize, the sex differences in running speeds decreased non-linearly in 50 km and 100 km but remained unchanged in 200 km and 1,000 km, and the sex differences in running speeds showed no change with increasing length of the race distance. These findings suggest that it is very unlikely that women will ever outrun men in ultra-marathons held from 50 km to 100 km.
人们一直认为，在超级马拉松比赛中女性能够比男性跑得更快。本研究调查了在全球范围内举办的50公里至1000公里超级马拉松比赛中跑步速度的性别差异。使用线性、非线性和多层次回归分析，分析了1969年至2012年在全球举办的50公里、100公里、200公里和1000公里赛事中年度最快完赛者跑步速度的变化以及跑步速度的性别差异。对于年度最快和年度前十名最快完赛者而言，50公里和100公里赛事中跑步速度呈非线性增加，但200公里和1000公里赛事中跑步速度保持不变，年度最快完赛者的跑步速度没有变化。50公里和100公里赛事中性别差异呈非线性下降，但200公里和1000公里赛事中性别差异保持不变，年度最快完赛者的性别差异没有变化。对于有史以来最快的女性和男性而言,100公里赛事中跑步速度的性别差异最小(5.0%),50公里赛事中最大(15.4%)。对于有史以来前十名最快的女性和男性而言,100公里赛事中性别差异最小(10.0±3.0%),200公里赛事中最大(27.3±5.7%)。对于50公里、100公里、200公里和1000公里赛事中最快的完赛者(r(2)=0.003,p=0.82)和前十名最快的完赛者(r(2)=0.34,p=0.41)而言,我们发现成绩的性别差异与跑步速度之间没有相关性。总之,50公里和100公里赛事中跑步速度的性别差异呈非线性下降,但200公里和1000公里赛事中保持不变,并且跑步速度的性别差异不会随着比赛距离长度的增加而变化。这些发现表明,在50公里至100公里的超级马拉松比赛中女性比男性跑得更快的可能性微乎其微。
