Romer Tobias, Rüst Christoph Alexander, Zingg Matthias Alexander, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Springerplus. 2014 Nov 25;3:693. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-693. eCollection 2014.
We investigated age and performance in distance-limited ultra-marathons held from 50 km to 1,000 km. Age of peak running speed and running speed of the fastest competitors from 1969 to 2012 in 50 km, 100 km, 200 km and 1,000 km ultra-marathons were analyzed using analysis of variance and multi-level regression analyses. The ages of the ten fastest women ever were 40 ± 4 yrs (50 km), 34 ± 7 yrs (100 km), 42 ± 6 yrs (200 km), and 41 ± 5 yrs (1,000 km). The ages were significantly different between 100 km and 200 km and between 100 km and 1,000 km. For men, the ages of the ten fastest ever were 34 ± 6 yrs (50 km), 32 ± 4 yrs (100 km), 44 ± 4 yrs (200 km), and 47 ± 9 yrs (1,000 km). The ages were significantly younger in 50 km compared to 100 km and 200 km and also significantly younger in 100 km compared to 200 km and 1,000 km. The age of the annual ten fastest women decreased in 50 km from 39 ± 8 yrs (1988) to 32 ± 4 yrs (2012) and in men from 35 ± 5 yrs (1977) to 33 ± 5 yrs (2012). In 100 km events, the age of peak running speed of the annual ten fastest women and men remained stable at 34.9 ± 3.2 and 34.5 ± 2.5 yrs, respectively. Peak running speed of top ten runners increased in 50 km and 100 km in women (10.6 ± 1.0 to 15.3 ± 0.7 km/h and 7.3 ± 1.5 to 13.0 ± 0.2 km/h, respectively) and men (14.3 ± 1.2 to 17.5 ± 0.6 km/h and 10.2 ± 1.2 to 15.1 ± 0.2 km/h, respectively). In 200 km and 1,000 km, running speed remained unchanged. In summary, the best male 1,000 km ultra-marathoners were ~15 yrs older than the best male 100 km ultra-marathoners and the best female 1,000 km ultra-marathoners were ~7 yrs older than the best female 100 km ultra-marathoners. The age of the fastest 50 km ultra-marathoners decreased across years whereas it remained unchanged in 100 km ultra-marathoners. These findings may help athletes and coaches to plan an ultra-marathoner's career. Future studies are needed on the mechanisms by which the fastest runners in the long ultra-marathons tend to be older than those in shorter ultra-marathons.
我们对50公里至1000公里的距离限定超马拉松比赛中的年龄和成绩进行了调查。使用方差分析和多级回归分析,分析了1969年至2012年50公里、100公里、200公里和1000公里超马拉松比赛中达到最高跑步速度的年龄以及最快参赛者的跑步速度。有史以来最快的十位女性的年龄分别为40±4岁(50公里)、34±7岁(100公里)、42±6岁(200公里)和41±5岁(1000公里)。100公里和200公里之间以及100公里和1000公里之间的年龄存在显著差异。对于男性,有史以来最快的十位男性的年龄分别为34±6岁(50公里)、32±4岁(100公里)、44±4岁(200公里)和47±9岁(1000公里)。50公里的年龄明显比100公里和200公里的年轻,100公里的年龄也明显比200公里和1000公里的年轻。年度最快的十位女性的年龄在50公里项目中从1988年的39±8岁降至2012年的32±4岁,男性从1977年的35±5岁降至2012年的33±5岁。在100公里赛事中,年度最快的十位女性和男性达到最高跑步速度的年龄分别稳定在34.9±3.2岁和34.5±2.5岁。前十名跑步者的最高跑步速度在50公里和100公里项目中女性有所提高(分别从10.6±1.0公里/小时提高到15.3±0.7公里/小时和从7.3±1.5公里/小时提高到13.0±0.2公里/小时),男性也有所提高(分别从14.3±1.2公里/小时提高到17.5±0.6公里/小时和从10.2±1.2公里/小时提高到15.1±0.2公里/小时)。在200公里和1000公里项目中,跑步速度保持不变。总之,最佳的男性1000公里超马拉松运动员比最佳的男性100公里超马拉松运动员大约大15岁,最佳的女性1000公里超马拉松运动员比最佳的女性100公里超马拉松运动员大约大7岁。最快的50公里超马拉松运动员的年龄逐年下降,而100公里超马拉松运动员的年龄保持不变。这些发现可能有助于运动员和教练规划超马拉松运动员的职业生涯。未来需要对长距离超马拉松比赛中最快的跑步者往往比短距离超马拉松比赛中最快的跑步者年龄更大的机制进行研究。