极端条件下超级耐力跑比赛的参与情况与表现趋势——“斯巴达松”与“恶水超级马拉松”对比

Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions - 'Spartathlon' versus 'Badwater'.

作者信息

da Fonseca-Engelhardt Kristina, Knechtle Beat, Rüst Christoph Alexander, Knechtle Patrizia, Lepers Romuald, Rosemann Thomas

机构信息

Gesundheitszentrum St, Gallen, St, Gallen, 9000, Switzerland.

出版信息

Extrem Physiol Med. 2013 May 1;2(1):15. doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-2-15.

BACKGROUND

The aim of the present study was to compare the trends in participation, performance and age of finishers in 'Badwater' and 'Spartathlon' as two of the toughest ultramarathons in the world of more than 200 km of distance.

METHODS

Running speed and age of male and female finishers in Badwater and Spartathlon were analyzed from 2000 to 2012. Age of peak performance and sex difference in running speed were investigated during the studied period.

RESULTS

The number of female and male finishes increased in Badwater and Spartathlon. Women accounted on average for 21.5% ± 6.9% in Badwater and 10.8% ± 2.3% in Spartathlon. There was a significant increase in female participation in Badwater from 18.4% to 19.1% (p < 0.01) and in Spartathlon from 11.9% to 12.5% (p = 0.02). In men, the age of finishers was higher in Badwater (46.5 ± 9.3 years) compared to Spartathlon (44.8 ± 8.2 years) (p < 0.01). The age of female finishers of both races was similar with 43.0 ± 7.5 years in Badwater and 44.5 ± 7.8 years in Spartathlon (p > 0.05). Over the years, the age of the annual five fastest men decreased in Badwater from 42.4 ± 4.2 to 39.8 ± 5.7 years (p < 0.05). For women, the age remained unchanged at 42.3 ± 3.8 years in Badwater (p > 0.05). In Spartathlon, the age was unchanged at 39.7 ± 2.4 years for men and 44.6 ± 3.2 years for women (p > 0.05). In Badwater, women and men became faster over the years. The running speed increased from 7.9 ± 0.7 to 8.7 ± 0.6 km/h (p < 0.01) in men and from 5.4 ± 1.1 to 6.6 ± 0.5 km/h (p < 0.01) in women. The sex difference in running speed remained unchanged at 19.8% ± 4.8% (p > 0.05). In Spartathlon, the running speed was stable over time at 10.8 ± 0.7 km/h for men and 8.7 ± 0.5 km/h for women (p > 0.05). The sex difference remained unchanged at 19.6% ± 2.5% (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that for both Badwater and Spartathlon, (a) female participation increased, (b) the fastest finishers were approximately 40 to 45 years, and (c) the sex difference was at approximately 20%. Women will not outrun men in both Badwater and Spartathlon races. Master ultramarathoners can achieve a high level of performance in ultramarathons greater than 200 km under extreme conditions.

背景

本研究旨在比较“恶水超级马拉松”和“斯巴达超级马拉松”这两项世界上最艰苦的超马拉松赛事（赛程超过200公里）中完赛者的参赛趋势、表现及年龄情况。

方法

分析了2000年至2012年期间“恶水超级马拉松”和“斯巴达超级马拉松”男女完赛者的跑步速度及年龄。研究期间调查了最佳表现年龄以及跑步速度的性别差异。

结果

“恶水超级马拉松”和“斯巴达超级马拉松”的男女完赛人数均有所增加。在“恶水超级马拉松”中，女性平均占比为21.5%±6.9%，在“斯巴达超级马拉松”中为10.8%±2.3%。“恶水超级马拉松”中女性参赛比例从18.4%显著增至19.1%（p<0.01），“斯巴达超级马拉松”中从11.9%增至12.5%（p = 0.02）。男性方面，“恶水超级马拉松”完赛者年龄（46.5±9.3岁）高于“斯巴达超级马拉松”（44.8±8.2岁）（p<0.01）。两项赛事女性完赛者年龄相近，“恶水超级马拉松”为43.0±7.5岁，“斯巴达超级马拉松”为44.5±7.8岁（p>0.05）。多年来，“恶水超级马拉松”中每年速度最快的五名男性的年龄从42.4±4.2岁降至39.8±5.七岁（p<0.05）。女性方面，“恶水超级马拉松”年龄保持在42.3±3.8岁不变（p>0.05）。在“斯巴达超级马拉松”中，男性年龄为39.7±2.4岁，女性为44.6±3.2岁，均无变化（p>0.05）。在“恶水超级马拉松”中，多年来男女速度都有所提升。男性跑步速度从7.9±0.7公里/小时增至8.7±0.6公里/小时（p<0.01），女性从5.4±1.1公里/小时增至6.6±0.5公里/小时（p<0.01）。跑步速度的性别差异保持在19.8%±4.8%不变（p>0.05）。在“斯巴达超级马拉松”中，男性跑步速度稳定在10.8±0.7公里/小时且女性稳定在8.7±0.5公里/小时（p>0.05）。性别差异保持在19.6%±2.5%不变（p>0.05）。

结论

这些结果表明，对于“恶水超级马拉松”和“斯巴达超级马拉松”而言，（a）女性参赛人数增加；（b）最快的完赛者年龄约为40至45岁；（c）性别差异约为20%。在“恶水超级马拉松”和“斯巴达超级马拉松”比赛中，女性都不会超过男性。超级马拉松大师们在极端条件下的超过200公里的超马拉松比赛中能够取得高水平的成绩。