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中国空气污染与癌症关联的鸟瞰图。

A bird's eye view of the air pollution-cancer link in China.

作者信息

Huang Yu-Bei, Song Feng-Ju, Liu Qun, Li Wei-Qin, Zhang Wei, Chen Ke-Xin

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China.

出版信息

Chin J Cancer. 2014 Apr;33(4):176-88. doi: 10.5732/cjc.014.10030. Epub 2014 Mar 18.

DOI:10.5732/cjc.014.10030
PMID:24636232
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3975183/
Abstract

Air pollution in China comes from multiple sources, including coal consumption, construction and industrial dust, and vehicle exhaust. Coal consumption in particular directly determines the emissions of three major air pollutants: dust, sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The rapidly increasing number of civilian vehicles is expected to bring NOx emission to a very high level. Contrary to expectations, however, existing data show that the concentrations of major pollutants [particulate matter-10 (PM10), SO(2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2))] in several large Chinese cities have declined during the past decades, though they still exceed the national standards of ambient air quality. Archived data from China does not fully support that the concentrations of pollutants directly depend on local emissions, but this is likely due to inaccurate measurement of pollutants. Analyses on the cancer registry data show that cancer burden related to air pollution is on the rise in China and will likely increase further, but there is a lack of data to accurately predict the cancer burden. Past experience from other countries has sounded alarm of the link between air pollution and cancer. The quantitative association requires dedicated research as well as establishment of needed monitoring infrastructures and cancer registries. The air pollution-cancer link is a serious public health issue that needs urgent investigation.

摘要

中国的空气污染来源多样，包括煤炭消耗、建筑和工业粉尘以及汽车尾气。特别是煤炭消耗直接决定了三种主要空气污染物的排放：粉尘、二氧化硫（SO₂）和氮氧化物（NOₓ）。民用车辆数量的迅速增加预计将使氮氧化物排放达到非常高的水平。然而，与预期相反，现有数据表明，在过去几十年中，中国几个大城市的主要污染物[颗粒物-10（PM10）、SO₂和二氧化氮（NO₂）]浓度有所下降，尽管它们仍超过国家环境空气质量标准。来自中国的存档数据并不完全支持污染物浓度直接取决于本地排放，但这可能是由于污染物测量不准确所致。对癌症登记数据的分析表明，在中国，与空气污染相关的癌症负担正在上升，而且可能会进一步增加，但缺乏准确预测癌症负担的数据。其他国家过去的经验已敲响了空气污染与癌症之间联系的警钟。这种定量关联需要专门的研究以及建立必要的监测基础设施和癌症登记处。空气污染与癌症之间的联系是一个严重的公共卫生问题，亟待调查。

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