Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea n1 1, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.
Genes Nutr. 2014 May;9(3):393. doi: 10.1007/s12263-014-0393-7. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has shown beneficial effects on cognitive decline. Nevertheless, diet-gene interactions have been poorly evaluated. We aimed to investigate diet-gene interaction in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial. A total of 522 participants (67 ± 6 years at baseline) enrolled in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial were randomly allocated to one of three diets: two MedDiets (supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts) or a low-fat diet. They were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) after 6.5 years of intervention. Subjects were genotyped for CR1-rs3818361, CLU-rs11136000, PICALM-rs3851179 and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes. We studied MedDiet-gene interactions for cognition and assessed the effect of the MedDiet on cognition across different genetic profiles. A significant interaction (p = 0.041) between CLU-rs11136000 and the MedDiet intervention on the MMSE was found with a beneficial effect of MedDiet among carriers of the T minor allele (B = 0.97, 95 % CI 0.45-1.49). Similar effect was observed for CR1-rs3818361, but no significant interaction was observed (p = 0.335). For PICALM-rs3851179, the MedDiet intervention showed a beneficial effect in both genotype groups. No apparent interaction was found for the CDT between intervention and gene variants. Similarly, participants randomly allocated to MedDiet groups, with favorable profiles of CR1, CLU and PICALM genes, significantly improved CDT scores compared to controls with the same genetic profile. Cognitive performance was better for non-ApoE4 and for ApoE4 carriers of MedDiet groups compared to controls, but for CDT performance, we only found statistical significant differences for non-ApoE4 carriers. A MedDiet intervention modulates the effect of genetic factors on cognition. The effect of MedDiet might be greater for subjects with a more favorable genetic profile.
传统的地中海饮食（MedDiet）已被证明对认知能力下降有积极影响。然而，饮食与基因的相互作用尚未得到充分研究。我们旨在探讨 PREDIMED-NAVARRA 随机试验中的饮食与基因的相互作用。共有 522 名参与者（基线时 67±6 岁）被随机分配到 PREDIMED-NAVARRA 试验中的三种饮食组之一：两种地中海饮食（补充特级初榨橄榄油或坚果）或低脂饮食。在干预 6.5 年后，他们接受了简易精神状态检查（MMSE）和画钟测验（CDT）的评估。受试者接受了 CR1-rs3818361、CLU-rs11136000、PICALM-rs3851179 和载脂蛋白 E（ApoE）基因的基因分型。我们研究了地中海饮食与基因的相互作用对认知的影响，并评估了地中海饮食对不同遗传特征的认知的影响。我们发现，CLU-rs11136000 与地中海饮食干预之间存在显著的相互作用（p=0.041），在 T 等位基因携带者中，地中海饮食具有有益的作用（B=0.97，95%置信区间 0.45-1.49）。在 CR1-rs3818361 中也观察到了类似的效果，但未观察到显著的相互作用（p=0.335）。对于 PICALM-rs3851179，地中海饮食干预在两种基因型组中均显示出有益的效果。在 CDT 方面，干预和基因变异之间未发现明显的相互作用。同样，与具有相同遗传特征的对照组相比，随机分配到地中海饮食组且具有有利的 CR1、CLU 和 PICALM 基因特征的参与者，其 CDT 评分显著提高。与对照组相比，非 ApoE4 携带者和 ApoE4 携带者的地中海饮食组的认知表现更好，但对于 CDT 表现，我们仅发现非 ApoE4 携带者有统计学显著差异。地中海饮食干预可以调节遗传因素对认知的影响。对于具有更有利遗传特征的受试者，地中海饮食的效果可能更大。
