Loenneke J P, Thiebaud R S, Abe T
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Dec;24(6):e415-422. doi: 10.1111/sms.12210. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
Blood flow restriction (BFR) alone or in combination with exercise has been shown to result in muscle hypertrophy and strength gain across a variety of populations. Although there are numerous studies in the literature showing beneficial muscular effects following the application of BFR, questions have been raised over whether BFR may lead to or even increase the incidence of muscle damage. The purpose of this review is to examine the proposed mechanisms behind muscle damage and critically review the available BFR literature. The available evidence does not support the hypothesis that BFR in combination with low-intensity exercise increases the incidence of muscle damage. Instead, the available literature suggests that minimal to no muscle damage is occurring with this type of exercise. This conclusion is drawn from the following observations: (a) no prolonged decrements in muscle function; (b) no prolonged muscle swelling; (c) muscle soreness ratings similar to a submaximal low load control; and (d) no elevation in blood biomarkers of muscle damage.
单独使用血流限制（BFR）或与运动相结合，已被证明能使不同人群的肌肉肥大并增强力量。尽管文献中有大量研究表明应用BFR后会产生有益的肌肉效应，但有人质疑BFR是否会导致甚至增加肌肉损伤的发生率。本综述的目的是研究肌肉损伤背后的潜在机制，并批判性地回顾现有的BFR文献。现有证据不支持BFR与低强度运动相结合会增加肌肉损伤发生率的假设。相反，现有文献表明，这类运动只会产生极小的肌肉损伤或不会造成肌肉损伤。这一结论基于以下观察结果：（a）肌肉功能没有长期下降；（b）肌肉没有长期肿胀；（c）肌肉酸痛评分与次最大负荷低强度对照组相似；（d）肌肉损伤的血液生物标志物没有升高。
