按行业划分的听力出现变化的工人患病率：职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）和美国国家职业安全卫生研究所（NIOSH）听力变化标准的比较
Prevalence of workers with shifts in hearing by industry: a comparison of OSHA and NIOSH Hearing Shift Criteria.
作者信息
Masterson Elizabeth A, Sweeney Marie Haring, Deddens James A, Themann Christa L, Wall David K
机构信息
The work was performed at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2014 Apr;56(4):446-55. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000124.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of workers with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health significant threshold shifts (NSTS), Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard threshold shifts (OSTS), and with OSTS with age correction (OSTS-A), by industry using North American Industry Classification System codes.
METHODS
From 2001 to 2010, worker audiograms were examined. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios for NSTS were estimated by industry. NSTS, OSTS, and OSTS-A prevalences were compared by industry.
RESULTS
Twenty percent of workers had an NSTS, 14% had an OSTS, and 6% had an OSTS-A. For most industries, the OSTS and OSTS-A criteria identified 28% to 36% and 66% to 74% fewer workers than the NSTS criteria, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of NSTS criteria allowing for earlier detection of shifts in hearing is recommended for improved prevention of occupational hearing loss.
摘要
目的
本研究旨在使用北美行业分类系统代码，按行业比较患有美国国家职业安全与健康研究所显著阈值偏移（NSTS）、美国职业安全与健康管理局标准阈值偏移（OSTS）以及年龄校正后的OSTS（OSTS - A）的工人的患病率。
方法
对2001年至2010年期间工人的听力图进行检查。按行业估算NSTS的患病率和调整后的患病率比值。比较各行业的NSTS、OSTS和OSTS - A患病率。
结果
20%的工人患有NSTS，14%患有OSTS，6%患有OSTS - A。对于大多数行业，OSTS和OSTS - A标准分别比NSTS标准少识别出28%至36%和66%至74%的工人。
结论
建议使用NSTS标准以更早发现听力变化，从而更好地预防职业性听力损失。
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