Rios Kimberly, Chen Zhuoren
Ohio University, Athens, USA
University of Chicago, IL, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Jul;40(7):872-883. doi: 10.1177/0146167214528990. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
Four experiments provided evidence for when and why opinion minorities take more time than opinion majorities to report their opinions. In Study 1, participants who wrote about feeling overly different from-but not overly similar to-others were slower to report their opinions after being led to believe that they held a minority than majority opinion. In Studies 2 and 3, minority opinion holders' hesitancy was attenuated among participants with a high dispositional need for uniqueness, and this effect was mediated by low need for uniqueness individuals' beliefs that their minority opinions were less normative than their majority opinions (Study 3). In Study 4, a subtle need to belong manipulation amplified the differences in response times between opinion minorities and majorities. Together, these studies show that minorities' hesitancy in reporting their opinions depends on their motives to belong versus be unique and stems from normative influence processes.
四项实验为少数派观点持有者比多数派观点持有者报告自己观点时花费更多时间的时间点及原因提供了证据。在研究1中，那些写下感觉自己与他人差异过大而非过于相似的参与者，在被引导相信自己持有少数派而非多数派观点后，报告观点的速度较慢。在研究2和3中，对于具有高度特质性独特需求的参与者而言，少数派观点持有者的犹豫有所减弱，并且这种效应是由低独特需求个体认为自己的少数派观点不如多数派观点规范的信念所介导的（研究3）。在研究4中，一种微妙的归属需求操纵放大了少数派观点和多数派观点在反应时间上的差异。总之，这些研究表明，少数派在报告观点时的犹豫取决于他们归属与独特的动机，并且源于规范性影响过程。
