微生物群在免疫和炎症中的作用。
Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation.
机构信息
Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
出版信息
Cell. 2014 Mar 27;157(1):121-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011.
The microbiota plays a fundamental role on the induction, training, and function of the host immune system. In return, the immune system has largely evolved as a means to maintain the symbiotic relationship of the host with these highly diverse and evolving microbes. When operating optimally, this immune system-microbiota alliance allows the induction of protective responses to pathogens and the maintenance of regulatory pathways involved in the maintenance of tolerance to innocuous antigens. However, in high-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners, such as nematodes, may have selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses. This phenomenon is proposed to account for some of the dramatic rise in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders in parts of the world where our symbiotic relationship with the microbiota has been the most affected.
微生物群在宿主免疫系统的诱导、训练和功能中起着根本性的作用。反过来，免疫系统在很大程度上进化为一种维持宿主与这些高度多样化和不断进化的微生物共生关系的手段。当这种免疫-微生物群联盟发挥最佳作用时，它可以诱导对病原体的保护性反应，并维持参与维持对无害抗原的耐受性的调节途径。然而，在高收入国家，抗生素的过度使用、饮食的改变以及固有伙伴（如线虫）的消除，可能选择了缺乏建立平衡免疫反应所需的弹性和多样性的微生物群。这种现象被认为是造成我们与微生物群的共生关系受到最严重影响的世界部分地区自身免疫和炎症性疾病急剧增加的部分原因。
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