University of Botswana, School of Nursing, Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Private Bag UB 00712, Gaborone, Botswana.
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Sep;70:33-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Mar 2.
In Botswana, increased development and motorization have brought increased road traffic-related death rates. Between 1981 and 2001, the road traffic-related death rate in Botswana more than tripled. The country has taken several steps over the last several years to address the growing burden of road traffic crashes and particularly to address the burden of alcohol-related crashes. This study examines the impact of the implementation of alcohol and road safety-related policies on crash rates, including overall crash rates, fatal crash rates, and single-vehicle nighttime fatal (SVNF) crash rates, in Botswana from 2004 to 2011. The overall crash rate declined significantly in June 2009 and June 2010, such that the overall crash rate from June 2010 to December 2011 was 22% lower than the overall crash rate from January 2004 to May 2009. Additionally, there were significant declines in average fatal crash and SVNF crash rates in early 2010. Botswana's recent crash rate reductions occurred during a time when aggressive policies and other activities (e.g., education, enforcement) were implemented to reduce alcohol consumption and improve road safety. While it is unclear which of the policies or activities contributed to these declines and to what extent, these reductions are likely the result of several, combined efforts.
在博茨瓦纳，经济发展和机动车保有量的增加导致了与道路交通相关的死亡率上升。在 1981 年至 2001 年期间，博茨瓦纳与道路交通相关的死亡率增长了两倍多。近年来，该国采取了多项措施来应对日益严重的道路交通碰撞负担，特别是要解决与酒精相关的碰撞负担。本研究调查了实施与酒精和道路安全相关的政策对博茨瓦纳 2004 年至 2011 年期间碰撞率（包括总体碰撞率、致命碰撞率和单辆夜间致命（SVNF）碰撞率）的影响。2009 年 6 月和 2010 年 6 月，总体碰撞率显著下降，因此，2010 年 6 月至 2011 年 12 月的总体碰撞率比 2004 年 1 月至 2009 年 5 月的总体碰撞率低 22%。此外，2010 年初，致命碰撞和 SVNF 碰撞的平均发生率也显著下降。博茨瓦纳最近的碰撞率下降发生在积极的政策和其他活动（例如教育、执法）实施以减少酒精消费和提高道路安全的时候。虽然尚不清楚是哪些政策或活动导致了这些下降，以及下降的程度如何，但这些下降很可能是多种综合努力的结果。
