Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Adv Mater. 2014 May 28;26(20):3176-205. doi: 10.1002/adma.201305319. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
Hollow-structured mesoporous materials (HMMs), as a kind of mesoporous material with unique morphology, have been of great interest in the past decade because of the subtle combination of the hollow architecture with the mesoporous nanostructure. Benefitting from the merits of low density, large void space, large specific surface area, and, especially, the good biocompatibility, HMMs present promising application prospects in various fields, such as adsorption and storage, confined catalysis when catalytically active species are incorporated in the core and/or shell, controlled drug release, targeted drug delivery, and simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancers when the surface and/or core of the HMMs are functionalized with functional ligands and/or nanoparticles, and so on. In this review, recent progress in the design, synthesis, functionalization, and applications of hollow mesoporous materials are discussed. Two main synthetic strategies, soft-templating and hard-templating routes, are broadly sorted and described in detail. Progress in the main application aspects of HMMs, such as adsorption and storage, catalysis, and biomedicine, are also discussed in detail in this article, in terms of the unique features of the combined large void space in the core and the mesoporous network in the shell. Functionalization of the core and pore/outer surfaces with functional organic groups and/or nanoparticles, and their performance, are summarized in this article. Finally, an outlook of their prospects and challenges in terms of their controlled synthesis and scaled application is presented.
中空结构介孔材料（HMMs）作为一种具有独特形态的介孔材料，由于其空心结构与介孔纳米结构的巧妙结合，在过去十年中引起了极大的关注。受益于低密度、大空隙空间、大比表面积的优点，特别是良好的生物相容性，HMMs 在各种领域都具有广阔的应用前景，例如吸附和储存、当催化活性物质被包含在核和/或壳中时的受限催化、控制药物释放、靶向药物输送以及当 HMMs 的表面和/或核被功能化的功能配体和/或纳米颗粒时癌症的同时诊断和治疗等。在本文中，讨论了中空介孔材料的设计、合成、功能化和应用的最新进展。两种主要的合成策略，软模板和硬模板路线，被广泛分类并详细描述。本文还详细讨论了 HMMs 在吸附和储存、催化和生物医学等主要应用方面的进展，从核心的大空隙空间和壳层的介孔网络的独特特征方面进行了讨论。本文总结了核和孔/外表面的功能化与功能有机基团和/或纳米颗粒及其性能。最后，就其控制合成和规模化应用方面的前景和挑战进行了展望。
