Progress of Nanomaterials Based on Manganese Dioxide in the Field of Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy.

As a pivotal transition metal oxide, manganese dioxide (MnO) has garnered significant attention owing to its abundant reserves, diverse crystal structures and exceptional performance. Nanosizing MnO results in smaller particle sizes, larger specific surface areas, optimized material characteristics, and expanded application possibilities. With the burgeoning research efforts in this field, MnO has emerged as a promising nanomaterial for tumor diagnosis and therapy. The distinctive properties of MnO in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) have attracted considerable interest, leading to a rapid growth in research on MnO-based nanomaterials for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, MnO nanomaterials are also gradually showing up in the regulation of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we mainly summarized the recent advancements in various MnO nanomaterials for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future directions in the development of MnO nanomaterials, while also envisaging their potential for clinical translation.