动态表观转录组：N6-甲基腺苷和基因表达调控。
The dynamic epitranscriptome: N6-methyladenosine and gene expression control.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, New York 10065, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 May;15(5):313-26. doi: 10.1038/nrm3785. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
Abstract
N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is a modified base that has long been known to be present in non-coding RNAs, ribosomal RNA, polyadenylated RNA and at least one mammalian mRNA. However, our understanding of the prevalence of this modification has been fundamentally redefined by transcriptome-wide m(6)A mapping studies, which have shown that m(6)A is present in a large subset of the transcriptome in specific regions of mRNA. This suggests that mRNA may undergo post-transcriptional methylation to regulate its fate and function, which is analogous to methyl modifications in DNA. Thus, the pattern of methylation constitutes an mRNA 'epitranscriptome'. The identification of adenosine methyltransferases ('writers'), m(6)A demethylating enzymes ('erasers') and m(6)A-binding proteins ('readers') is helping to define cellular pathways for the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs.
摘要
N(6)-甲基腺嘌呤(m(6)A)是一种修饰碱基，长期以来一直被认为存在于非编码 RNA、核糖体 RNA、多聚腺苷酸化 RNA 以及至少一种哺乳动物 mRNA 中。然而，通过全转录组 m(6)A 图谱研究，我们对这种修饰的普遍性的理解已经从根本上重新定义，这些研究表明 m(6)A 存在于 mRNA 的特定区域的大部分转录本中。这表明 mRNA 可能会经历转录后甲基化来调节其命运和功能，这类似于 DNA 中的甲基化修饰。因此，甲基化模式构成了 mRNA 的“表观转录组”。腺苷甲基转移酶（“书写器”）、m(6)A 去甲基化酶（“橡皮擦”）和 m(6)A 结合蛋白（“读取器”）的鉴定正在帮助定义用于 mRNA 转录后调控的细胞途径。
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