Behzadnia Salar, Davoudi Alireza, Rezai Mohammad Sadegh, Ahangarkani Fatemeh
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran.
Antimicrobial Resistant Nosocomial Infectious Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran.
Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014 Feb;16(2):e14562. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.14562. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Treatment of the nosocomial infections is complicated especially in children due to an increase in the antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The aim of this study was to survey the nosocomial infections in children and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of their causative organisms in teaching hospitals in the north of Iran.
The investigation was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of patients under 12 years old, which were hospitalized in three teaching hospitals in the north of Iran and had symptoms of nosocomial infections in 2012. The required data of patients were extracted and entered in the information forms. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 16). Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact tests (Monte Carlo) were used.
Out of the total number of 34556 hospitalized patients in three teaching hospitals, 61 (0.17%) patients were children under 12 years old age with nosocomial infection from which 50.81% were girls and 49.18% were boys. Most of these patients (55.73%) were admitted to the burn unit. The most common type of nosocomial infection (49.18%) was wound infection. Pseudomonas spp. (36.84%) and Acinetobacter spp. (28.02%) were the most common bacteria isolated from the clinical specimens. All the Acinetobacter spp. were multidrug-resistant. All the gram negative and gram positive bacterial species in our study showed high resistance to antibiotics.
The rate of nosocomial infections was low in our study because the detection of nosocomial infection was based on the clinical grounds in most cases and laboratory reports might contain false-negative results. These results provide useful information for future large scale surveillance in the context of prevention programs.
由于耐抗生素细菌的增加，医院感染的治疗变得复杂，尤其是在儿童中。
本研究的目的是调查伊朗北部教学医院中儿童的医院感染情况，并确定其致病微生物的抗生素敏感性。
本研究设计为回顾性横断面研究。研究人群包括2012年在伊朗北部三家教学医院住院且有医院感染症状的12岁以下患者。提取患者所需数据并录入信息表。使用SPSS（版本16）对收集的数据进行分析。采用描述性统计和Fisher精确检验（蒙特卡洛法）。
在三家教学医院的34556名住院患者中，61名（0.17%）为12岁以下有医院感染的儿童，其中50.81%为女孩，49.18%为男孩。这些患者中大多数（55.73%）入住烧伤科。医院感染最常见的类型（49.18%）是伤口感染。铜绿假单胞菌（36.84%）和不动杆菌属（28.02%）是从临床标本中分离出的最常见细菌。所有不动杆菌属均为多重耐药菌。我们研究中的所有革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌对抗生素均表现出高度耐药性。
在我们的研究中，医院感染率较低，因为在大多数情况下，医院感染的检测基于临床依据，而实验室报告可能包含假阴性结果。这些结果为未来预防计划背景下的大规模监测提供了有用信息。
