Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece.
Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Hormones (Athens). 2014 Jan-Mar;13(1):104-18. doi: 10.1007/BF03401326.
To examine the effects of three seasonal training programs, largely different in strength volume, on androgen levels and performance parameters in soccer players.
Sixty-seven soccer players, members of three different professional teams, participated in the study. Strength intensity of the training programs were assessed as high (for Team-A, n=23), moderate (for Team-B, n=22), and low (for Team-C, n=22). Blood samples were analyzed for total-testosterone, free-testosterone, and the metabolic product of activate testosterone 3a-androstendiol glucuronade (3a-Diol-G). Players were tested for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), squad-jump (SJ), countermovement-jump (CMJ), 10 m and 20 m sprint performance prior at the beginning of the pre-season period, at the middle (mid-point), and at the end of the competition period (end-point).
All performance parameters increased significantly until mid-point in all teams (p<0.001). However, performance was further increased only in Team-A only for jumping and sprinting ability between end-point vs mid-point (p<0.001). An effect of the training program of Team-A on TT levels was evident exhibiting significant differences between at all point-measurements (baseline/mid-point:p=0.024, baseline/end-point:p<0.001, mid/end-point:p=0.008), while a marginally significant effect (p=0.051) was detected within Team-B and a non-significant effect in Team-C. Similar results were obtained for 3a-Diol-G in Team-A (p=0.001) where significant differences were found between end-point to both baseline (p=0.001) and mid-point (p=0.038). No differences were detectable for FT. A borderline significant negative correlation was observed between 3a-Diol-G and VO2max in Team-B at mid-point. No other correlations were evident between performance and hormonal parameters.
Our findings suggest that the volume of strength training combined with intensive soccer training caused an elevation of circulating TT and 3a-Diol-G levels in parallel to the induction of performance capacity. It is our opinion that the elevation of endogenous androgens as a result of the volume of strength training indicates that the only method to improve athletic performance is hard training. There are no substitutes or shortcuts. If the organism needs more androgens it will produce them endogenously.
研究三种季节训练方案对足球运动员雄激素水平和运动表现参数的影响，这三种方案在强度和量上有很大的不同。
67 名足球运动员，分别来自三个不同的职业队，参与了这项研究。训练方案的强度被评估为高强度（A 队，n=23）、中强度（B 队，n=22）和低强度（C 队，n=22）。对血液样本进行总睾酮、游离睾酮和活性睾酮代谢产物 3a-雄甾烯二醇葡萄糖醛酸酯（3a-Diol-G）的分析。在赛季前、中期（中点）和比赛结束时（终点），对运动员的最大摄氧量（VO2max）、纵跳（SJ）、反向跳（CMJ）、10 米和 20 米冲刺表现进行测试。
所有运动表现参数在所有队伍中均显著增加，直到中期（p<0.001）。然而，只有 A 队的跳跃和冲刺能力在终点与中点之间进一步提高（p<0.001）。A 队训练方案对 TT 水平的影响明显，在所有测量点之间均有显著差异（基线/中点：p=0.024，基线/终点：p<0.001，中点/终点：p=0.008），B 队有边缘显著效应（p=0.051），C 队则没有显著效应。在 A 队中也得到了类似的 3a-Diol-G 结果（p=0.001），其中在终点与基线（p=0.001）和中点（p=0.038）之间均有显著差异。FT 无差异。B 队在中点时，3a-Diol-G 与 VO2max 之间存在边缘显著的负相关。在运动表现和激素参数之间没有其他相关性。
我们的研究结果表明，与强化足球训练相结合的力量训练量导致循环 TT 和 3a-Diol-G 水平的升高，同时也导致运动能力的提高。我们认为，力量训练量引起内源性雄激素的升高表明，提高运动表现的唯一方法是艰苦的训练。没有替代品或捷径。如果机体需要更多的雄激素，它将内源性产生。
