Linnet Jakob
Research Clinic on Gambling Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark ; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Division on Addiction, Cambridge Health Alliance Cambridge, MA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Mar 25;8:100. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00100. eCollection 2014.
Gambling disorder is characterized by persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior, which leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. The disorder is associated with dysfunctions in the dopamine system. The dopamine system codes reward anticipation and outcome evaluation. Reward anticipation refers to dopaminergic activation prior to reward, while outcome evaluation refers to dopaminergic activation after reward. This article reviews evidence of dopaminergic dysfunctions in reward anticipation and outcome evaluation in gambling disorder from two vantage points: a model of reward prediction and reward prediction error by Wolfram Schultz et al. and a model of "wanting" and "liking" by Terry E. Robinson and Kent C. Berridge. Both models offer important insights on the study of dopaminergic dysfunctions in addiction, and implications for the study of dopaminergic dysfunctions in gambling disorder are suggested.
赌博障碍的特征是持续且反复出现的适应不良赌博行为，这会导致临床上显著的损害或痛苦。该障碍与多巴胺系统功能失调有关。多巴胺系统对奖励预期和结果评估进行编码。奖励预期是指在获得奖励之前的多巴胺能激活，而结果评估是指在获得奖励之后的多巴胺能激活。本文从两个角度综述了赌博障碍中奖励预期和结果评估方面多巴胺能功能失调的证据：沃尔夫拉姆·舒尔茨等人提出的奖励预测和奖励预测误差模型，以及特里·E·罗宾逊和肯特·C·贝里奇提出的“想要”和“喜欢”模型。这两个模型都为成瘾中多巴胺能功能失调的研究提供了重要见解，并对赌博障碍中多巴胺能功能失调的研究具有启示意义。
