Ptacek Radek, Kuzelova Hana, Stefano George B, Raboch Jiří, Sadkova Tereza, Goetz Michal, Kream Richard M
Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York Old Westbury, New York, USA.
Med Sci Monit. 2014 Apr 14;20:608-13. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890495.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological/behavioral disorder characterized by inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, or combined symptomatology. Children with ADHD are predisposed to irregular and/or impulsive eating patterns often leading to compromised physical condition. The goal of the present study was to statistically evaluate parental scoring of patterned eating behaviors and associated lifestyles within a cohort of 100 boys diagnosed with ADHD in comparison to age-matched male controls.
The study population consisted of 100 boys aged 6-10 years diagnosed with mixed type ADHD by DSM-IV criteria and 100 aged-matched healthy male control subjects. Patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles were scored by structured parental interviews using a nominal rating scale.
Interview scores indicated statistically significant differences in patterned eating behaviors in subjects with ADHD in comparison to healthy controls. Notably, subjects diagnosed with ADHD exhibited markedly diminished adherence to a traditional breakfast, lunch, and dinner schedule, which was linked to a significantly higher frequency (>5/day) of irregular eating times. In the ADHD cohort, disruptive patterns of eating behaviors were associated with diminished nutritional value of ingested food (expressed as lowered content of fruits and vegetables) and increased consumption of sweetened beverages.
Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors, metabolically unfavorable nutritional status, and diminished physical activities of male children diagnosed with ADHD are linked to compromised growth and development and appearance of metabolic diseases in adulthood.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经/行为障碍，其特征为注意力不集中、多动和冲动，或伴有综合症状。患有ADHD的儿童易出现不规律和/或冲动的饮食模式，这往往会损害身体健康。本研究的目的是对100名被诊断为ADHD的男孩队列中的父母对有规律饮食行为及相关生活方式的评分进行统计学评估，并与年龄匹配的男性对照组进行比较。
研究人群包括100名年龄在6至10岁、根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准被诊断为混合型ADHD的男孩，以及100名年龄匹配的健康男性对照者。通过结构化的父母访谈，使用名义评定量表对饮食行为模式和相关生活方式进行评分。
访谈评分表明，与健康对照组相比，ADHD患者在有规律饮食行为方面存在统计学上的显著差异。值得注意的是，被诊断为ADHD的患者明显减少了对传统早餐、午餐和晚餐时间表的遵守，这与不规律进食时间的频率显著更高（>5次/天）有关。在ADHD队列中，破坏性的饮食行为模式与摄入食物的营养价值降低（表现为水果和蔬菜含量降低）以及含糖饮料消费增加有关。
被诊断为ADHD的男性儿童的破坏性饮食行为模式、代谢不利的营养状况以及身体活动减少与生长发育受损和成年期代谢疾病的出现有关。
