Osterwalder Uli, Sohn Myriam, Herzog Bernd
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2014 Apr-Jun;30(2-3):62-80. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12112.
The use of sunscreen is embedded in a hierarchy of sun protection strategies consisting primarily of sun avoidance by seeking shade and covering up with clothing. Sunscreens are, however, important means of protection; thus, understanding how they work and knowing their limitations are crucial. This review explains the role of ultraviolet (UV) filters, emollients, emulsifier systems and other components in a sunscreen, as well as trends in formulations in Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia Pacific. Furthermore, it explains how sunscreen performance in terms of sun protection factor, UVA protection, and other metrics can be simulated. The role of sensory characteristics in assessing and improving compliance is also discussed.In the final chapter, Facts and Fiction, five of the most common myths about sun exposure and sun protection by sunscreen are debunked.
防晒的使用是防晒策略体系的一部分，该体系主要包括通过寻找阴凉处和穿着衣物遮盖来避免阳光直射。然而，防晒霜是重要的防护手段；因此，了解其作用原理并知晓其局限性至关重要。本综述解释了紫外线（UV）过滤剂、润肤剂、乳化剂体系及防晒霜中其他成分的作用，以及欧洲、北美、拉丁美洲和亚太地区的配方趋势。此外，还阐述了如何模拟防晒霜在防晒系数、UVA防护及其他指标方面的性能。文中还讨论了感官特性在评估和提高依从性方面的作用。在最后一章“事实与虚构”中，揭穿了关于阳光照射和使用防晒霜进行防晒的五个最常见的误区。
