Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
1] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014 May;15(5):313-25. doi: 10.1038/nrn3724.
The loss of a limb or paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury has devastating consequences on quality of life. One approach to restoring lost sensory and motor abilities in amputees and patients with tetraplegia is to supply them with implants that provide a direct interface with the CNS. Such brain-machine interfaces might enable a patient to exert voluntary control over a prosthetic or robotic limb or over the electrically induced contractions of paralysed muscles. A parallel interface could convey sensory information about the consequences of these movements back to the patient. Recent developments in the algorithms that decode motor intention from neuronal activity and in approaches to convey sensory feedback by electrically stimulating neurons, using biomimetic and adaptation-based approaches, have shown the promise of invasive interfaces with sensorimotor cortices, although substantial challenges remain.
脊髓损伤导致的肢体丧失或瘫痪，对生活质量有毁灭性的影响。一种恢复截肢者和四肢瘫痪患者失去的感觉和运动能力的方法是为他们提供植入物，这些植入物与中枢神经系统直接接口。这种脑机接口可以使患者能够对假肢或机器人肢体或对瘫痪肌肉的电诱导收缩进行自愿控制。一个并行接口可以将关于这些运动结果的感觉信息传递回患者。最近在从神经元活动解码运动意图的算法以及使用仿生和基于适应的方法通过电刺激神经元传递感觉反馈的方法方面的发展，表明了与感觉运动皮层进行有创接口的前景，尽管仍然存在巨大的挑战。
