Bergen Gwen, Pitan Adesola, Qu Shuli, Shults Ruth A, Chattopadhyay Sajal K, Elder Randy W, Sleet David A, Coleman Heidi L, Compton Richard P, Nichols James L, Clymer John M, Calvert William B
Home, Recreation, and Transportation Branch, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Community Guide Branch, Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Prev Med. 2014 May;46(5):529-39. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.018.
Publicized sobriety checkpoint programs deter alcohol-impaired driving by stopping drivers systematically to assess their alcohol impairment. Sobriety checkpoints were recommended in 2001 by the Community Preventive Services Task Force for reducing alcohol-impaired driving, based on strong evidence of effectiveness. Since the 2001 review, attention to alcohol-impaired driving as a U.S. public health problem has decreased. This systematic review was conducted to determine if available evidence supports the effectiveness of publicized sobriety checkpoint programs in reducing alcohol-impaired driving, given the current context. The economic costs and benefits of the intervention were also assessed.
This review focused on studies that evaluated the effects of publicized sobriety checkpoint programs on alcohol-involved crash fatalities. Using Community Guide methods, a systematic search was conducted for studies published between July 2000 and March 2012 that assessed the effectiveness of publicized sobriety checkpoint programs.
Fourteen evaluations of selective breath testing and one of random breath testing checkpoints met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, conducted in 2012. Ten evaluations assessed the effects of publicized sobriety checkpoint programs on alcohol-involved crash fatalities, finding a median reduction of 8.9% in this crash type (interquartile interval=-16.5%, -3.5%). Five economic evaluations showed benefit-cost ratios ranging from 2:1 to 57:1.
The number of studies, magnitude of effect, and consistency of findings indicate strong evidence of the effectiveness of publicized sobriety checkpoint programs in reducing alcohol-involved crash fatalities. Economic evidence shows that these programs also have the potential for substantial cost savings.
公开宣传的清醒度检查站计划通过系统地拦截司机以评估其酒精影响程度，来遏制酒后驾车行为。基于有力的有效性证据，社区预防服务工作组在2001年建议设立清醒度检查站以减少酒后驾车。自2001年的评估以来，作为美国公共卫生问题的酒后驾车受到的关注有所减少。鉴于当前情况，进行了这项系统评价，以确定现有证据是否支持公开宣传的清醒度检查站计划在减少酒后驾车方面的有效性。还评估了该干预措施的经济成本和效益。
本评价聚焦于评估公开宣传的清醒度检查站计划对涉及酒精的撞车死亡事故影响的研究。采用社区指南方法，对2000年7月至2012年3月期间发表的评估公开宣传的清醒度检查站计划有效性的研究进行了系统检索。
2012年进行的系统评价纳入了14项选择性呼气测试评估和1项随机呼气测试检查站评估。10项评估研究了公开宣传的清醒度检查站计划对涉及酒精的撞车死亡事故的影响，发现此类事故的中位数减少了8.9%（四分位间距=-16.5%，-3.5%）。5项经济评估显示效益成本比在2:1至57:1之间。
研究数量、效果大小和结果的一致性表明，有充分证据证明公开宣传的清醒度检查站计划在减少涉及酒精的撞车死亡事故方面是有效的。经济证据表明，这些计划还有可能大幅节省成本。
