Barnes Matthew J
School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand,
Sports Med. 2014 Jul;44(7):909-19. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0192-8.
Alcohol is the most commonly used recreational drug globally and its consumption, often in large volume, is deeply embedded in many aspects of Western society. Indeed, athletes are not exempt from the influence alcohol has on society; they often consume greater volumes of alcohol through bingeing behaviour compared with the general population, yet it is often expected and recommended that athletes abstain from alcohol to avoid the negative impact this drug may have on recovery and sporting performance. While this recommendation may seem sensible, the impact alcohol has on recovery and sports performance is complicated and depends on many factors, including the timing of alcohol consumption post-exercise, recovery time required before recommencing training/competition, injury status and dose of alcohol being consumed. In general, acute alcohol consumption, at the levels often consumed by athletes, may negatively alter normal immunoendocrine function, blood flow and protein synthesis so that recovery from skeletal muscle injury may be impaired. Other factors related to recovery, such as rehydration and glycogen resynthesis, may be affected to a lesser extent. Those responsible for the wellbeing of athletes, including the athlete themselves, should carefully monitor habitual alcohol consumption so that the generic negative health and social outcomes associated with heavy alcohol use are avoided. Additionally, if athletes are to consume alcohol after sport/exercise, a dose of approximately 0.5 g/kg body weight is unlikely to impact most aspects of recovery and may therefore be recommended if alcohol is to be consumed during this period.
酒精是全球最常用的消遣性药物，其大量消费深深融入西方社会的许多方面。事实上，运动员也无法免受酒精对社会的影响；与普通人群相比，他们经常通过暴饮暴食行为摄入更多酒精，然而人们通常期望并建议运动员戒酒，以避免这种药物可能对恢复和运动表现产生负面影响。虽然这一建议看似合理，但酒精对恢复和运动表现的影响很复杂，取决于许多因素，包括运动后饮酒的时间、重新开始训练/比赛前所需的恢复时间、受伤状况以及饮酒量。一般来说，运动员经常摄入的急性酒精量可能会负面改变正常的免疫内分泌功能、血流和蛋白质合成，从而可能损害骨骼肌损伤的恢复。与恢复相关的其他因素，如补水和糖原再合成，可能受到的影响较小。包括运动员自身在内的负责运动员健康的人员，应仔细监测习惯性饮酒情况，以避免与大量饮酒相关的一般负面健康和社会后果。此外，如果运动员要在运动/锻炼后饮酒，大约0.5克/千克体重的饮酒量不太可能影响恢复的大多数方面，因此如果在此期间饮酒，可以推荐这个量。
