Oliveira Carolina Dizioli Rodrigues de, Bairros André Valle de, Yonamine Mauricio
1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Subst Use Misuse. 2014 Jul;49(9):1168-81. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.903754. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
Blood doping has been defined as the misuse of substances or certain techniques to optimize oxygen delivery to muscles with the aim to increase performance in sports activities. It includes blood transfusion, administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or blood substitutes, and gene manipulations. The main reasons for the widespread use of blood doping include: its availability for athletes (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and blood transfusions), its efficiency in improving performance, and its difficult detection. This article reviews and discusses the blood doping substances and methods used for in sports, the adverse effects related to this practice, and current strategies for its detection.
血液兴奋剂被定义为滥用物质或某些技术，以优化向肌肉输送氧气，目的是提高体育活动中的表现。它包括输血、使用促红细胞生成剂或血液替代品以及基因操纵。血液兴奋剂广泛使用的主要原因包括：运动员可获得（促红细胞生成剂和输血）、提高成绩的有效性以及难以检测。本文回顾并讨论了体育中使用的血液兴奋剂物质和方法、与此相关的不良影响以及当前的检测策略。
