Lee Jong-Sun, Ahn Yeon-Soon, Jeong Kyoung-Sook, Chae Jeong-Ho, Choi Kyeong-Sook
Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
J Affect Disord. 2014 Jun;162:128-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.031. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
Resilience is considered to be a powerful protective factor in buffering the detrimental impact of traumatic stress on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is a striking lack of research concerning the development of a model of resilience, especially one including both risk and protective factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mediators and moderators influencing the relationship between traumatic stress and PTSD using a moderated mediation analysis.
Study participants included 552 Korean firefighters from four large cities. The subjects completed a series of self-report measures including the Life Event Checklist, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Occupational Stress Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.
Traumatic stress had both a direct and an indirect, via perceived stress, impact on the development of PTSD symptoms. Additionally, the mediation of the association between traumatic stress and PTSD symptoms via perceived stress was moderated by individual resilience. In particular, under the same level of traumatic stress, firefighters with high levels of resilience (scores ≥75, upper 25th percentile or ≥90, upper 10th percentile) were protected from both the direct and indirect impacts of traumatic stress relative to those with lower levels of individual resilience.
The current findings provide a comprehensive picture of individuals who should be considered at high risk for the development of PTSD symptoms following traumatic stress and identify the factors that should be targeted by efforts to prevent PTSD.
心理弹性被认为是一种强大的保护因素，可缓冲创伤性应激对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发展的有害影响。然而，关于心理弹性模型的发展，尤其是包含风险和保护因素的模型，研究极为匮乏。本研究旨在通过调节中介分析，探讨影响创伤性应激与PTSD之间关系的可能中介因素和调节因素。
研究参与者包括来自四个大城市的552名韩国消防员。受试者完成了一系列自我报告测量，包括生活事件清单、感知压力量表、职业压力量表、事件影响量表修订版和康纳-戴维森心理弹性量表。
创伤性应激对PTSD症状的发展既有直接影响，也通过感知压力产生间接影响。此外，个体心理弹性调节了创伤性应激与PTSD症状之间通过感知压力的中介作用。特别是，在相同水平的创伤性应激下，心理弹性水平高（得分≥75，第75百分位数以上或≥90，第10百分位数以上）的消防员相对于个体心理弹性水平较低的消防员，免受创伤性应激的直接和间接影响。
当前研究结果全面描绘了创伤性应激后PTSD症状发展高风险个体的情况，并确定了预防PTSD应针对的因素。
