Colpizzi Ilaria, Berti Celeste, Sica Claudio, Alfei Virginia, Caudek Corrado
Health Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
NEUROFARBA Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Feb 25;14(3):178. doi: 10.3390/bs14030178.
This study investigates individual differences in protective and risk factors among rescue workers (RWs), particularly Red Cross members, to optimize well-being and job performance under high-stress conditions. Employing a person-centered approach, two psychological profiles were identified: an adaptively resilient profile and a maladaptively vulnerable profile, characterized by distinct personality traits, coping methods, life events, and social support networks. A notable external criterion, self-compassion, discerned the profiles with maladaptively vulnerable individuals who exhibited higher self-judgment, social isolation, and emotional over-identification. The study also examined the impact of job roles on these profiles, discovering a prevalence of adaptive resilience among drivers, contrasting with team members who displayed maladaptive resilience and lower self-compassion scores. These insights suggest a nuanced method for identifying RWs who require specialized support, proposing tailored interventions, especially those enhancing self-compassion. The study, through an extensive psychological metric analysis, provides a deeper comprehension of resilience and vulnerability among RWs. This research highlights the importance of recognizing individual differences in protective and risk factors, thereby contributing to the enhancement of mental health and resilience in high-stress professions.
本研究调查了救援人员（尤其是红十字会成员）在保护因素和风险因素方面的个体差异，以优化高压力条件下的幸福感和工作表现。采用以人为本的方法，确定了两种心理类型：适应性复原型和适应不良型，其特征在于不同的人格特质、应对方式、生活事件和社会支持网络。一个显著的外部标准——自我同情，区分出了适应不良型的个体，这些个体表现出更高的自我评判、社会孤立和情感过度认同。该研究还考察了工作角色对这些类型的影响，发现司机中适应性复原较为普遍，而团队成员则表现出适应不良且自我同情得分较低。这些见解提出了一种细致入微的方法来识别需要特殊支持的救援人员，并提出了针对性的干预措施，特别是那些增强自我同情的措施。该研究通过广泛的心理指标分析，更深入地理解了救援人员的复原力和脆弱性。这项研究强调了认识保护因素和风险因素中个体差异的重要性，从而有助于提高高压力职业中的心理健康和复原力。
