Department of Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Acta Biomater. 2014 Aug;10(8):3557-62. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.017. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
In the present study, the structure of two allogeneic and three xenogeneic bone blocks, which are used in dental and orthopedic surgery, were histologically analyzed. The ultimate goal was to assess whether the components postulated by the manufacturer can be identified after applying conventional histological and histochemical staining techniques. Three samples of each material, i.e. allogeneic material-1 and -2 as well as xenogeneic material-1, -2 and -3, were obtained commercially. After decalcification and standardized embedding processes, conventional histological staining was performed in order to detect inorganic matrix, cellular or organic matrix components. Allogeneic material-1 showed trabecular bone-like structures, which were free of cellular components as well as of organic matrix. The allogeneic material-2 showed trabecular bone structures, in which connective tissue and cellular remnants were embedded. Additionally, some connective tissue, which resembled fat-like tissue, was found within this material. The xenogeneic material-1 showed trabecular bone-like structures and contained organic components comparable to that demonstrated for the allogeneic material-2. The xenogeneic material-2 showed trabecular bone structures with single cells located in lacunae. The xenogeneic material-3 also showed trabecular structures. Neither cellular nor organic matrix components were found within this material. According to the data of the present study, the allogeneic material-1 and the xenogeneic material-3 were the only investigated materials for which the obtained histological data were in accordance with the manufactureŕs advertised information. The remaining three materials showed discrepancies-although the manufacturers of all five bone substitute materials stated that their blocks were free of organic/cellular remnants. These data are of great clinical and material science interest. It seems that even patented processing techniques are not always able to deliver reproducible materials. Although the manufacturers of all five bone blocks stated that their blocks were free of organic/cellular remnants, our histological analysis revealed that three out of five bone blocks did contain such remnants. Such specimens might be able to induce an immune response within the recipient.
在本研究中，我们对两种同种异体和三种异种骨块进行了组织学分析，这些骨块用于口腔和骨科手术。最终目标是评估应用常规组织学和组织化学染色技术后，是否可以识别制造商所提出的成分。我们从每个材料中获得了三个样本，即同种异体材料-1 和 -2 以及异种材料-1、-2 和 -3。在脱钙和标准化包埋过程后，进行常规组织学染色以检测无机基质、细胞或有机基质成分。同种异体材料-1 显示出类似小梁骨的结构，其中没有细胞成分和有机基质。同种异体材料-2 显示出小梁骨结构，其中嵌入了结缔组织和细胞残余物。此外，在这种材料中还发现了一些类似于脂肪样组织的结缔组织。异种材料-1 显示出类似小梁骨的结构，并且包含与同种异体材料-2 类似的有机成分。异种材料-2 显示出具有位于腔隙中的单个细胞的小梁骨结构。异种材料-3 也显示出小梁结构，但在该材料中未发现细胞或有机基质成分。根据本研究的数据，同种异体材料-1 和异种材料-3 是仅有的两种组织学数据与制造商广告信息相符的研究材料。其余三种材料显示出差异-尽管所有五种骨替代材料的制造商都声称其块体不含有机/细胞残余物。这些数据具有重要的临床和材料科学意义。即使是专利处理技术似乎也不能总是提供可重复的材料。尽管所有五种骨块的制造商都声称其块体不含有机/细胞残余物，但我们的组织学分析显示，五种骨块中有三种含有此类残余物。此类标本可能能够在受体内引起免疫反应。
