Burger Kyle S, Berner Laura A
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, United States.
Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Physiol Behav. 2014 Sep;136:121-7. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.025. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
Adequate energy intake is vital for the survival of humans and is regulated by complex homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Supported by functional MRI (fMRI) studies that consistently demonstrate differences in brain response as a function of weight status during exposure to appetizing food stimuli, it has been posited that hedonically driven food intake contributes to weight gain and obesity maintenance. These food reward theories of obesity are reliant on the notion that the aberrant brain response to food stimuli relates directly to ingestive behavior, specifically, excess food intake. Importantly, functioning of homeostatic neuroendocrine regulators of food intake, such as leptin and ghrelin, are impacted by weight status. Thus, data from studies that evaluate the effect on weight status on brain response to food may be a result of differences in neuroendocrine functioning and/or behavior. In the present review, we examine the influence of weight and weight change, exogenous administration of appetitive hormones, and ingestive behavior on BOLD response to food stimuli.
充足的能量摄入对人类的生存至关重要，并且由复杂的稳态和享乐机制调节。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究一直表明，在接触美味食物刺激时，大脑反应会因体重状况而有所不同，据此推测，由享乐驱动的食物摄入会导致体重增加和肥胖维持。这些肥胖的食物奖励理论依赖于这样一种观念，即大脑对食物刺激的异常反应与摄食行为直接相关，特别是与过量食物摄入有关。重要的是，食物摄入的稳态神经内分泌调节因子，如瘦素和胃饥饿素的功能，会受到体重状况的影响。因此，评估体重状况对大脑对食物反应的影响的研究数据可能是神经内分泌功能和/或行为差异的结果。在本综述中，我们研究了体重和体重变化、外源性给予食欲激素以及摄食行为对食物刺激的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）反应的影响。
