Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Viruses. 2014 Apr 29;6(5):1974-91. doi: 10.3390/v6051974.
Due to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challenges call for the development of universal influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad cross-protection against multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. Facilitated by the advancement in modern molecular biology, delicate antigen design becomes one of the most effective factors for fulfilling such goals. Conserved epitopes residing in virus surface proteins including influenza matrix protein 2 and the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin draw general interest for improved antigen design. The present review summarizes the recent progress in such endeavors and also covers the encouraging progress in integrated antigen/adjuvant delivery and controlled release technology that facilitate the development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.
由于病毒抗原经常发生变化，目前的流感疫苗需要每年重新配方，以匹配流行的流感株，从而对抗季节性流感疫情。这些疫苗在预防偶发性新流感大流行病毒方面也没有效果。所有这些挑战都需要开发通用的流感疫苗，以提供对多种流感 A 病毒亚型的广泛交叉保护。现代分子生物学的进步为实现这一目标提供了便利，精细的抗原设计成为最有效的因素之一。存在于病毒表面蛋白中的保守表位，包括流感基质蛋白 2 和血凝素的茎域，引起了人们对改进抗原设计的普遍关注。本综述总结了这方面的最新进展，还涵盖了在整合抗原/佐剂传递和控制释放技术方面取得的令人鼓舞的进展，这些进展促进了一种负担得起的通用流感疫苗的开发。
