Koshel E I, Aleshin V V, Eroshenko G A, Kutyrev V V
Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe", Saratov 410005, Russia.
Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia ; Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia ; National Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition of Farm Animals, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaluga Region, Borovsk 249013, Russia.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:135218. doi: 10.1155/2014/135218. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Entomoparasitic nematodes are natural control agents for many insect pests, including fleas that transmit Yersinia pestis, a causative agent of plague, in the natural foci of this extremely dangerous zoonosis. We examined the flea samples from the Volga-Ural natural focus of plague for their infestation with nematodes. Among the six flea species feeding on different rodent hosts (Citellus pygmaeus, Microtus socialis, and Allactaga major), the rate of infestation varied from 0 to 21%. The propagation rate of parasitic nematodes in the haemocoel of infected fleas was very high; in some cases, we observed up to 1,000 juveniles per flea specimen. Our study of morphology, life cycle, and rDNA sequences of these parasites revealed that they belong to three distinct species differing in the host specificity. On SSU and LSU rRNA phylogenies, these species representing three genera (Rubzovinema, Psyllotylenchus, and Spilotylenchus), constitute a monophyletic group close to Allantonema and Parasitylenchus, the type genera of the families Allantonematidae and Parasitylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). We discuss the SSU-ITS1-5.8S-LSU rDNA phylogeny of the Tylenchida with a special emphasis on the suborder Hexatylina.
昆虫寄生线虫是许多害虫的天然控制因子，包括在这种极其危险的人畜共患病自然疫源地传播鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫的病原体）的跳蚤。我们检查了来自伏尔加 - 乌拉尔鼠疫自然疫源地的跳蚤样本的线虫感染情况。在以不同啮齿动物宿主（侏儒黄鼠、社会田鼠和大五趾跳鼠）为食的六种跳蚤中，感染率从0%到21%不等。寄生线虫在受感染跳蚤血腔中的繁殖率非常高；在某些情况下，我们观察到每个跳蚤标本中有多达1000只幼虫。我们对这些寄生虫的形态、生命周期和rDNA序列的研究表明，它们属于三个宿主特异性不同的不同物种。在SSU和LSU rRNA系统发育树上，这些代表三个属（鲁布佐夫线虫属、蚤小杆线虫属和刺小杆线虫属）的物种构成了一个单系群，与异线科和副小杆科（线虫纲：垫刃目）的模式属异线属和副小杆线虫属相近。我们讨论了垫刃目的SSU - ITS1 - 5.8S - LSU rDNA系统发育，特别强调了六钩亚目。
