De Ronne N, De Schepper J
J Pharm Belg. 2013 Sep(3):12-21.
Vitamin D deficiency occurs rather commonly among healthy pregnant women, newborns and young children, especially in certain risk groups. Since vitamin D plays a role in calcium and phosphor metabolism essential for bone health and in the physiopathology of some autoimmune diseases it seems important to provide recommendations for prevention of vitamin D deficiency. Risk factors include maternal vitamin D deficiency, low intake of fortified food, eg. breastfeeding, low compliance of supplementation, dark skin, inadequate sun exposure, premature birth, overweight, living at high latitude. The aim of this paper is to summarize available data of vitamin D sources, known situations in which deficiency is common and published guidelines on vitamin D supplementation, and translate this information in recommendations for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in healthy paediatric population in Flanders. Infants should receive an oral supplementation of 400 IU/day of vitamin D from birth and this should be continued till the age of 6 years. In cases of dark skin the dose should be 600 IU/day. An healthy life style with outdoor activities and associated sun exposure and intake of fortified nutrition should be advised. The implementation should be promoted by all healthcare professionals working with young children.
维生素D缺乏在健康孕妇、新生儿和幼儿中相当常见，尤其是在某些风险群体中。由于维生素D在对骨骼健康至关重要的钙和磷代谢以及某些自身免疫性疾病的病理生理过程中发挥作用，因此提供预防维生素D缺乏的建议似乎很重要。风险因素包括母亲维生素D缺乏、强化食品摄入量低，如母乳喂养、补充剂依从性低、皮肤黝黑、阳光照射不足、早产、超重、居住在高纬度地区。本文的目的是总结维生素D来源的现有数据、已知的常见缺乏情况以及已发表的维生素D补充指南，并将这些信息转化为弗拉芒健康儿童群体预防维生素D缺乏的建议。婴儿应从出生起每天口服400国际单位的维生素D，直至6岁。对于皮肤黝黑的情况，剂量应为每天600国际单位。应建议采取包括户外活动、相关阳光照射和摄入强化营养在内的健康生活方式。所有从事幼儿护理工作的医护人员都应推动这些建议的实施。
