Lloyd Carrie A, Masur Elise Frank
Psychology Department, Northern Illinois University, United States.
Psychology Department, Northern Illinois University, United States.
Infant Behav Dev. 2014 Aug;37(3):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.04.004. Epub 2014 May 6.
Mother-infant interactions are important to infant development because they are predictive of infants' social, cognitive, and language development (Lamb, Bornstein, & Teti, 2002; Tamis-LeMonda, Bornstein, & Baumwell, 2001). Because maternal responsive and directive behaviors are associated with differential infant outcomes, it is important to investigate influences on mothers' provision of responsive and directive behaviors. Yet, the dyadic interaction literature is predominantly unidirectional from maternal behavior to infant outcomes. Therefore, the current study examined infant initiating behaviors and consequent maternal responses in a sample of 26 13-month-old infants and their mothers, videotaped during 5 min of free-play. Findings revealed that infants produced a variety of initiatives, and that these different infant initiatives prompted differential patterns of maternal responsive versus directive behaviors. Further, results of analyses of divergent types of maternal directive behaviors - Responsive Directives, ReDirectives, and Intrusive Directives - also may help clarify major discrepancies in the current literature regarding the positive and negative effects of maternal directiveness.
母婴互动对婴儿发育很重要，因为它们能预测婴儿的社交、认知和语言发展（Lamb、Bornstein和Teti，2002年；Tamis-LeMonda、Bornstein和Baumwell，2001年）。由于母亲的回应性和指导性行为与婴儿的不同结果相关，研究影响母亲提供回应性和指导性行为的因素很重要。然而，二元互动文献主要是从母亲行为到婴儿结果的单向研究。因此，本研究在26对13个月大的婴儿及其母亲的样本中，观察了自由玩耍5分钟期间婴儿的发起行为以及随后母亲的反应。研究结果显示，婴儿会产生各种主动行为，并且这些不同的婴儿主动行为会促使母亲产生不同模式的回应性和指导性行为。此外，对不同类型母亲指导性行为——回应性指令、重新指令和侵入性指令——的分析结果，也可能有助于澄清当前文献中关于母亲指导性的正面和负面影响的主要差异。
