Rizzo Renata, Gulisano Mariangela, Pellico Alessandra, Calì Paola Valeria, Curatolo Paolo
Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Pediatriche, Catania University, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Pediatriche, Catania University, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy.
J Child Neurol. 2014 Oct;29(10):1383-9. doi: 10.1177/0883073814534317. Epub 2014 May 14.
To investigate clinical correlates of Tourette syndrome and to identify the impact of comorbidities, we retrospectively recruited 92 young people affected by Tourette syndrome compared with 102 healthy controls. Neuropsychological assessment included: Youth Quality of Life-Research, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Children's Depression Inventory, and Conner's and Child Behavior Checklist; moreover, Tourette syndrome patients completed the Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Four clinical subgroups were identified: pure Tourette syndrome (49.8%), Tourette syndrome plus attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (22.2%), Tourette syndrome plus obsessive-compulsive disorder (21.5%), and Tourette syndrome plus ADHD plus obsessive-compulsive disorder (6.5%). Our findings suggested that emotional lability appeared in all Tourette syndrome subgroups, independently from comorbidities, representing a clinical feature of Tourette syndrome itself. Moreover, our data suggested that all 4 clinical subgroups had higher statistically significant behavioral problems compared with the healthy controls (P = .000), whereas affective and anxiety symptoms were overrepresented in Tourette syndrome plus comorbidities subgroups. Finally, Tourette syndrome patients had a lower quality of life compared with the healthy controls. These differences were statistically significant between the pure Tourette syndrome subgroups and Tourette syndrome plus comorbidities subgroups, as well as Tourette syndrome plus comorbidities subgroups and healthy controls.
为了研究抽动秽语综合征的临床相关因素并确定共病的影响，我们回顾性招募了92名受抽动秽语综合征影响的年轻人，并与102名健康对照者进行比较。神经心理学评估包括：青少年生活质量研究、儿童多维焦虑量表、儿童抑郁量表以及康纳斯儿童行为量表；此外，抽动秽语综合征患者还完成了耶鲁全球抽动严重程度量表和耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表。确定了四个临床亚组：单纯抽动秽语综合征（49.8%）、抽动秽语综合征合并注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）（22.2%）、抽动秽语综合征合并强迫症（21.5%）以及抽动秽语综合征合并ADHD和强迫症（6.5%）。我们的研究结果表明，情绪不稳定出现在所有抽动秽语综合征亚组中，与共病无关，是抽动秽语综合征本身的一个临床特征。此外，我们的数据表明，与健康对照者相比，所有四个临床亚组在统计学上都有更显著的行为问题（P = .000），而在抽动秽语综合征合并共病的亚组中，情感和焦虑症状更为突出。最后，与健康对照者相比，抽动秽语综合征患者的生活质量较低。这些差异在单纯抽动秽语综合征亚组与抽动秽语综合征合并共病亚组之间以及抽动秽语综合征合并共病亚组与健康对照者之间具有统计学意义。
