Koskinen Camilla A-L, Lindström Unni Å
Department of Caring Science, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2015 Sep;29(3):548-54. doi: 10.1111/scs.12149. Epub 2014 May 25.
The purpose of this article is to make visible further dimensions and uncover an envisioning about the caring in listening in the field of caring science, which may improve the care for the suffering human being, the patient. Eriksson's caritative theory of caring constitutes the starting point for this search for knowledge, while the research method is realised by a hermeneutic reading based on the philosopher of hermeneutics, Gadamer's thought. The research is realised by a reading of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's literary works. The literary characters Sonia in Crime and Punishment and Alyosha in The Brothers Karamazov, uncovers patterns of meaning-bearing units towards the caring and the interpretation of a more profound envisioning about the caring in listening. The uncovering and interpretation show that patients in their suffering long to meet a caregiver who listens without the least condemnation in their eyes and demeanour. Patients need a listening caregiver who shows compassion and who has the courage to remain in the struggle of suffering and to carry the patients through insupportable pain, guilt and shame. Through listening, it is possible to reawaken a numb heart, to take individuals who have gone through a good deal of suffering, from darkness, degradation, unendurable pain to the light and to awaken their zest for life and joy to live. Listening renews, delivers and transforms human beings so that they can begin to find a new direction in life and start living a life in accordance with their own fundamental order, purpose, essential decision and individuality. Listening takes patients out of their loneliness and unbearable suffering into communion and a life worth living.
本文旨在进一步揭示关怀科学领域中倾听关怀的其他维度，并揭示一种愿景，这可能会改善对受苦之人即患者的护理。埃里克森的关怀慈善理论构成了这一知识探索的起点，而研究方法则是通过基于诠释学哲学家伽达默尔思想的诠释性阅读来实现的。该研究通过阅读费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基的文学作品来进行。文学人物《罪与罚》中的索尼娅和《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中的阿廖沙，揭示了与关怀相关的意义承载单元模式，以及对倾听关怀更深刻愿景的诠释。这种揭示和诠释表明，患者在痛苦中渴望遇到一位在眼神和举止中毫无谴责之意地倾听的护理者。患者需要一位富有同情心、有勇气留在痛苦挣扎中并帮助患者度过难以承受的痛苦、内疚和羞耻的倾听护理者。通过倾听，可以唤醒麻木的心，将经历了诸多痛苦的人从黑暗、堕落、无法忍受的痛苦中带到光明中，唤醒他们对生活的热情和生活的喜悦。倾听使人类得到更新、拯救和转变，使他们能够开始在生活中找到新的方向，并开始按照自己的基本秩序、目的、重要决定和个性生活。倾听将患者从孤独和难以忍受的痛苦中带入交流和有价值的生活。
