National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2014 Jun;27:96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.12.002. Epub 2014 Jan 4.
Polysaccharide depolymerization in nature is primarily accomplished by processive glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which abstract single carbohydrate chains from polymer crystals and cleave glycosidic linkages without dissociating after each catalytic event. Understanding the molecular-level features and structural aspects of processivity is of importance due to the prevalence of processive GHs in biomass-degrading enzyme cocktails. Here, we describe recent advances towards the development of a molecular-level theory of processivity for cellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes, including the development of novel methods for measuring rates of key steps in processive action and insights gained from structural and computational studies. Overall, we present a framework for developing structure-function relationships in processive GHs and outline additional progress towards developing a fundamental understanding of these industrially important enzymes.
自然界中的多糖解聚主要是通过连续糖苷水解酶（GHs）完成的，这些酶从聚合物晶体中提取单糖链，并在每次催化事件后不解离就切割糖苷键。由于连续 GHs 在生物量降解酶混合物中普遍存在，因此了解其连续性的分子水平特征和结构方面非常重要。在这里，我们描述了在开发纤维素酶和几丁质酶的分子水平连续性理论方面的最新进展，包括开发用于测量连续作用关键步骤速率的新方法以及从结构和计算研究中获得的见解。总体而言，我们提出了一个在连续 GHs 中开发结构-功能关系的框架，并概述了在深入了解这些具有工业重要性的酶方面取得的进一步进展。
