Jones Ainsley, Harrington Paul, Turnbull Gordon
Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Dec;70(12):1780-4. doi: 10.1002/ps.3836. Epub 2014 Jul 9.
Concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticides clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were determined in arable soils from a variety of locations in England.
In soil samples taken from the central area of fields, concentrations of clothianidin ranged from 0.02 to 13.6 µg kg(-1) . Thiamethoxam concentrations were between <0.02 and 1.50 µg kg(-1) , and imidacloprid concentrations between <0.09 and 10.7 µg kg(-1) . Concentrations of clothianidin and thiamethoxam were lower in soil samples taken from the edges of fields than from the centres of fields, but this difference was less pronounced for imidacloprid.
This work gives a clear indication of the levels of neonicotinoids in arable soils after typical use of these compounds as seed dressings in the United Kingdom. There was evidence that imidacloprid was more persistent in the soils studied than clothianidin and thiamethoxam. As clothianidin and thiamethoxam have largely superseded imidacloprid in the United Kingdom, neonicotinoid levels were lower than suggested by predictions based on imidacloprid alone.
测定了来自英格兰各地多种耕地土壤中新型烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉的浓度。
在从田地中心区域采集的土壤样本中，噻虫胺的浓度范围为0.02至13.6微克/千克。噻虫嗪的浓度在<0.02至1.50微克/千克之间，吡虫啉的浓度在<0.09至10.7微克/千克之间。从田地边缘采集的土壤样本中噻虫胺和噻虫嗪的浓度低于田地中心的样本，但吡虫啉的这种差异不太明显。
这项工作清楚地表明了在英国将这些化合物作为拌种剂进行典型使用后，耕地土壤中新型烟碱类杀虫剂的含量水平。有证据表明，在所研究的土壤中吡虫啉比噻虫胺和噻虫嗪更持久。由于在英国噻虫胺和噻虫嗪已在很大程度上取代了吡虫啉，新型烟碱类杀虫剂的含量水平低于仅基于吡虫啉的预测结果。
