非法药物滥用的神经系统并发症
Neurologic complications of illicit drug abuse.
作者信息
Brust John C M
出版信息
Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014 Jun;20(3 Neurology of Systemic Disease):642-56. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000450971.99322.cd.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review familiarizes clinicians with the symptoms of overdose and withdrawal, as well as neurologic complications, associated with particular illicit drugs.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent arrivals on the recreational drug scene include synthetic cathinone analogs, synthetic cannabinoid agonists, and a variety of novel hallucinogens.
SUMMARY
Clinicians need to be aware of neurologic disorders associated with particular illicit drugs and should consider drug abuse in any patient with unexplained symptoms and signs.In addition to tobacco and alcohol, a large number of substances, legal and illegal, are used recreationally. Broad categories include opioids, psychostimulants, marijuana and related agents, sedatives, hallucinogens, inhalants, phencyclidine and related agents, and anticholinergics. Each type of agent has its own characteristic symptoms of overdose and withdrawal, and many agents are associated with trauma, infection, seizures, stroke, cognitive impairment, and teratogenicity. Some drugs have unique neurologic complications not encountered with other agents. A history of recreational drug use should be sought in any neurologic patient regardless of age or socioeconomic status.
综述目的
本综述旨在让临床医生熟悉与特定非法药物相关的过量使用和戒断症状以及神经并发症。
最新发现
娱乐性毒品领域的新成员包括合成卡西酮类似物、合成大麻素激动剂以及各种新型致幻剂。
总结
临床医生需要了解与特定非法药物相关的神经疾病，对于任何有无法解释的症状和体征的患者都应考虑药物滥用问题。除了烟草和酒精外，大量合法和非法物质被用于娱乐。大致类别包括阿片类药物、精神兴奋剂、大麻及相关制剂、镇静剂、致幻剂、吸入剂、苯环己哌啶及相关制剂以及抗胆碱能药物。每种类型的药物都有其自身独特的过量使用和戒断症状，而且许多药物都与创伤、感染、癫痫发作、中风、认知障碍和致畸性有关。有些药物具有其他药物未出现过的独特神经并发症。无论患者年龄或社会经济地位如何，任何神经科患者都应询问其娱乐性药物使用史。
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