Bhargava Mayuri, Cheung Carol Yim-lui, Sabanayagam Charumathi, Huang Lei, Lamoureux Ecosse L, Wang Jie Jin, Tai E-S, Heng C-K, Ikram Mohammad Kamran, Mitchell Paul, Wong Tien Yin
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2014 Dec;92(8):e602-9. doi: 10.1111/aos.12446. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
To describe prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy in an Asian Indian population without diabetes.
A population-based cross-sectional study of 3400 Indians aged 40-80 years residing in Singapore was conducted. Retinopathy was assessed from retinal photographs by trained graders using modified Airlie House Classification System. Risk factors were assessed from standardized interviews, clinical examinations and laboratory investigations. Diabetes mellitus was defined as glycosylated haemoglobin ≥6.5%, use of diabetic medication or physician diagnosis of diabetes.
Among the 1900 individuals without diabetes, mean HbA1c was 5.7% and mean systolic blood pressure was 132.4 mmHg. Age-standardized prevalence of retinopathy was 5.05% (n = 98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.07-6.21), with no significant difference in retinopathy prevalence between males (6.15%) and females (4.13%). Among non-diabetic persons with retinopathy, 96.9% (n = 95) had signs of minimal-to-mild retinopathy while 3.06% (n = 3) had moderate-to-severe retinopathy. After adjusting for multiple covariables, retinopathy signs were associated with higher levels of HbA1c (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5; per% increase), systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; per mmHg increase) and serum creatinine (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.002-1.009; per mm increase), but not C-reactive protein, cigarette smoking or lipid levels.
One in 20 Asian Indian persons without diabetes had retinopathy signs. Risk factors for these signs include higher glycosylated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure and serum creatinine.
描述无糖尿病的亚洲印度人群视网膜病变的患病率及危险因素。
对居住在新加坡的3400名年龄在40 - 80岁的印度人进行基于人群的横断面研究。由经过培训的分级人员使用改良的艾利屋分类系统通过视网膜照片评估视网膜病变。通过标准化访谈、临床检查和实验室检查评估危险因素。糖尿病定义为糖化血红蛋白≥6.5%、使用糖尿病药物或医生诊断为糖尿病。
在1900名无糖尿病个体中，平均糖化血红蛋白为5.7%，平均收缩压为132.4 mmHg。年龄标准化的视网膜病变患病率为5.05%（n = 98；95%置信区间[CI]，4.07 - 6.21），男性（6.15%）和女性（4.13%）的视网膜病变患病率无显著差异。在患有视网膜病变的非糖尿病患者中，96.9%（n = 95）有轻度至中度视网膜病变迹象，而3.06%（n = 3）有中度至重度视网膜病变。在对多个协变量进行调整后，视网膜病变迹象与较高水平的糖化血红蛋白（比值比[OR]，2.4；95% CI，1.3 - 4.5；每增加1%）、收缩压（OR，1.02；95% CI，1.01 - 1.03；每增加1 mmHg）和血清肌酐（OR，1.005；95% CI，1.002 - 1.009；每增加1 mmol/L）相关，但与C反应蛋白、吸烟或血脂水平无关。
每20名无糖尿病的亚洲印度人中就有1人有视网膜病变迹象。这些迹象的危险因素包括较高的糖化血红蛋白、收缩压和血清肌酐。
