Earth Innovation Institute, 3180 18th Street, Suite 205, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
Earth Innovation Institute, 3180 18th Street, Suite 205, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Bairro Fátima CEP 68040-470 Santarém, Pará, Brasil.
Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1118-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1248525.
The recent 70% decline in deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon suggests that it is possible to manage the advance of a vast agricultural frontier. Enforcement of laws, interventions in soy and beef supply chains, restrictions on access to credit, and expansion of protected areas appear to have contributed to this decline, as did a decline in the demand for new deforestation. The supply chain interventions that fed into this deceleration are precariously dependent on corporate risk management, and public policies have relied excessively on punitive measures. Systems for delivering positive incentives for farmers to forgo deforestation have been designed but not fully implemented. Territorial approaches to deforestation have been effective and could consolidate progress in slowing deforestation while providing a framework for addressing other important dimensions of sustainable development.
巴西亚马逊地区的森林砍伐面积最近减少了 70%，这表明在广袤的农业前沿地区，森林砍伐是可以得到控制的。法律的执行、对大豆和牛肉供应链的干预、对信贷获取的限制以及保护区的扩大，似乎都促成了这一下降，同时，对新的森林砍伐的需求也有所下降。导致这种减速的供应链干预措施严重依赖于企业的风险管理，而公共政策过于依赖惩罚性措施。已经设计了为农民提供放弃森林砍伐的积极激励措施的系统，但尚未全面实施。遏制森林砍伐的领土方法是有效的，可以巩固减缓森林砍伐的进展，同时为解决可持续发展的其他重要方面提供框架。
