Groom Holly, Hopkins David P, Pabst Laura J, Murphy Morgan Jennifer, Patel Mona, Calonge Ned, Coyle Rebecca, Dombkowski Kevin, Groom Amy V, Kurilo Mary Beth, Rasulnia Bobby, Shefer Abigail, Town Cecile, Wortley Pascale M, Zucker Jane
Community Guide Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Analysis, and Library Services (Dr Hopkins and Mss Murphy Morgan and Patel), Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases (Mss Groom, Pabst, Shefer, and Town and Dr Zucker), Office for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Support (Dr Rasulnia), and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (Dr Wortley), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; The Colorado Trust, Denver, Colorado (Dr Calonge); American Immunization Registry Association (AIRA), Washington, District of Columbia (Ms Coyle); Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Dombkowski); and Oregon Immunization Program, Portland, Oregon (Ms Kurilo). Ms Groom is now with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2015 May-Jun;21(3):227-48. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000069.
Immunizations are the most effective way to reduce incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Immunization information systems (IISs) are confidential, population-based, computerized databases that record all vaccination doses administered by participating providers to people residing within a given geopolitical area. They facilitate consolidation of vaccination histories for use by health care providers in determining appropriate client vaccinations. Immunization information systems also provide aggregate data on immunizations for use in monitoring coverage and program operations and to guide public health action.
Methods for conducting systematic reviews for the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to assess the effectiveness of IISs. Reviewed evidence examined changes in vaccination rates in client populations or described expanded IIS capabilities related to improving vaccinations. The literature search identified 108 published articles and 132 conference abstracts describing or evaluating the use of IISs in different assessment categories.
Studies described or evaluated IIS capabilities to (1) create or support effective interventions to increase vaccination rates, such as client reminder and recall, provider assessment and feedback, and provider reminders; (2) determine client vaccination status to inform decisions by clinicians, health care systems, and schools; (3) guide public health responses to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease; (4) inform assessments of vaccination coverage, missed vaccination opportunities, invalid dose administration, and disparities; and (5) facilitate vaccine management and accountability.
Findings from 240 articles and abstracts demonstrate IIS capabilities and actions in increasing vaccination rates with the goal of reducing vaccine-preventable disease.
免疫接种是降低疫苗可预防疾病发病率的最有效方法。免疫接种信息系统（IISs）是基于人群的保密计算机化数据库，记录参与机构为特定地理政治区域内居民接种的所有疫苗剂量。它们有助于整合疫苗接种历史，供医疗保健提供者用于确定适当的客户疫苗接种。免疫接种信息系统还提供免疫接种的汇总数据，用于监测覆盖率和项目运作，并指导公共卫生行动。
采用《社区预防服务指南》的系统评价方法来评估免疫接种信息系统的有效性。审查的证据考察了客户群体中疫苗接种率的变化，或描述了与改善疫苗接种相关的免疫接种信息系统扩展功能。文献检索确定了108篇已发表文章和132篇会议摘要，描述或评估了免疫接种信息系统在不同评估类别中的使用情况。
研究描述或评估了免疫接种信息系统的功能，包括：（1）创建或支持提高疫苗接种率的有效干预措施，如客户提醒和召回、提供者评估和反馈以及提供者提醒；（2）确定客户的疫苗接种状态，为临床医生、医疗保健系统和学校的决策提供信息；（3）指导对疫苗可预防疾病暴发的公共卫生应对；（4）为疫苗接种覆盖率、错过的疫苗接种机会、无效剂量接种和差异评估提供信息；（5）促进疫苗管理和问责制。
240篇文章和摘要的研究结果表明，免疫接种信息系统在提高疫苗接种率以减少疫苗可预防疾病方面具有功能和作用。
