Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Lisa Henriksen, and Judith J. Prochaska are with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Kevin Delucchi is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco.
Am J Public Health. 2014 Aug;104(8):1454-63. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301917. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a diverse sample of 1061 smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) residing in the San Francisco Bay Area of California.
Participants' addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants' residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer service areas (density).
More than half of the sample lived within 250 meters of a tobacco retailer. A median of 3 retailers were within 500 meters of participants' residences, and a median of 12 were within 1 kilometer. Among smokers with SMI, tobacco retailer densities were 2-fold greater than for the general population and were associated with poorer mental health, greater nicotine dependence, and lower self-efficacy for quitting.
Our findings provide further evidence of the tobacco retail environment as a potential vector contributing to tobacco-related disparities among individuals with SMI and suggest that this group may benefit from progressive environmental protections that restrict tobacco retail licenses and reduce aggressive point-of-sale marketing.
我们在加利福尼亚州旧金山湾区对 1061 名患有严重精神疾病 (SMI) 的吸烟者进行了一项多样化的研究，以检查烟草零售商的密度和接近度及其与吸烟行为和心理健康的关联。
参与者的地址进行地理编码，并与零售商许可数据相关联，以确定参与者居住地与最近零售商之间的距离（接近度）以及 500 米和 1 公里服务区域内的零售商数量（密度）。
样本中有一半以上的人住在烟草零售商 250 米以内。参与者住所附近有 3 家零售商的中位数为 500 米，有 12 家零售商的中位数为 1 公里。在患有 SMI 的吸烟者中，烟草零售商的密度是一般人群的两倍，并且与较差的心理健康、更大的尼古丁依赖以及戒烟自我效能感降低有关。
我们的研究结果进一步证明了烟草零售环境是导致患有 SMI 的个体与烟草相关差异的一个潜在因素，并表明该群体可能受益于限制烟草零售许可证和减少攻击性销售点营销的渐进式环境保护措施。
