Cancer Prevention in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2022 Aug;36(5):452-465. doi: 10.1037/adb0000784. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
To test the mechanisms by which exposure to point-of-sale (POS) e-cigarette marketing mediate the relationship between an ethnic minority group highly vulnerable for tobacco product use, namely Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NHPI), and increased future e-cigarette use through explicit (positive outcome expectancies) and implicit (spontaneous positive reactions) pathways. Four waves of data were collected in 6-month intervals from 2,327 multiethnic young adults ( = 21.2, = 2.2; 54% women) enrolled across two 4-year and four 2-year colleges belonging to a University system in Hawaii. POS e-cigarette marketing exposure was assessed with an objective measure involving store visit patterns and store audits, as well as a measure of self-reported exposure. Spontaneous reactions were assessed with an implicit measure, namely Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP). Path analyses were used to test the hypotheses. In a model employing the objective measure of POS exposure, a statistically significant pathway was found from NHPI ethnicity to increased current e-cigarette use at Wave 4 mediated through increased POS exposure at Wave 2, and increased affect regulation expectancies at Wave 3. Similar indirect effects on prospective e-cigarette use were found for Asian ethnicity. The dual process model of the effects of POS exposure on e-cigarette use was not fully supported, although the implicit measure was found to independently predict e-cigarette use. Differential exposure to POS marketing may explain some of the ethnic disparities in tobacco product use behavior such as e-cigarette use. POS marketing may affect e-cigarette use behavior mainly through the explicit pathway, notably affect regulation expectancies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
为了检验接触销售点（POS）电子烟营销的机制，这些机制通过明确（积极的预期结果）和隐含（自发的积极反应）途径，调节一个高度易受烟草产品使用影响的少数民族群体（即夏威夷原住民/其他太平洋岛民（NHPI））与未来电子烟使用增加之间的关系。从属于夏威夷大学系统的两所 4 年制大学和四所 2 年制学院招募了 2327 名多族裔年轻成年人，每 6 个月收集 4 波数据（平均年龄为 21.2 岁，标准差为 2.2；54%为女性）。POS 电子烟营销暴露情况采用涉及商店访问模式和商店审计的客观测量以及自我报告的暴露情况进行评估。自发反应采用隐式测量，即情感归因程序（AMP）进行评估。路径分析用于检验假设。在采用 POS 暴露客观测量的模型中，从 NHPI 族裔到第 4 波时当前电子烟使用增加的途径，通过第 2 波时 POS 暴露增加以及第 3 波时情感调节预期增加，达到统计学意义。对亚裔族群也发现了类似的对前瞻性电子烟使用的间接影响。POS 暴露对电子烟使用的影响的双重过程模型没有得到充分支持，尽管隐式测量被发现独立预测电子烟使用。POS 营销的差异暴露可能解释了一些种族差异在烟草产品使用行为方面的差异，例如电子烟使用。POS 营销可能主要通过明确的途径，即情感调节预期，来影响电子烟使用行为。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
