Summer Sherburne Hawkins is with the Graduate School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. Christopher F. Baum is with the Department of Economics, Boston College, and the Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftforschung, Berlin, Germany.
Am J Public Health. 2014 Aug;104(8):1464-70. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301955. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
We evaluated the impact of state tobacco control policies on disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy.
We analyzed 2000-2010 National Vital Statistics System natality files with 17 699 534 births from 28 states and the District of Columbia that used the 1989 revision of the birth certificate. We conducted differences-in-differences regression models to assess whether changes in cigarette taxes and smoke-free legislation were associated with changes in maternal smoking during pregnancy and number of cigarettes smoked. To evaluate disparities, we included interaction terms between maternal race/ethnicity, education, and cigarette taxes.
Although maternal smoking decreased from 11.6% to 8.9%, White and Black women without a high school degree had some of the highest rates of smoking (39.7% and 16.4%, respectively). These same women were the most responsive to cigarette tax increases, but not to smoke-free legislation. For every $1.00 cigarette tax increase, low-educated White and Black mothers decreased smoking by nearly 2 percentage points and smoked between 14 and 22 fewer cigarettes per month.
State cigarette taxes may be an effective population-level intervention to decrease racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy.
我们评估了州级烟草控制政策对孕期吸烟女性差异的影响。
我们分析了来自 28 个州和哥伦比亚特区的 17699534 例出生记录，这些记录来自于使用 1989 年版出生证明的全国生命统计系统。我们进行了差分法回归模型分析，以评估香烟税和无烟立法的变化是否与孕期吸烟和吸烟量的变化有关。为了评估差异，我们在模型中加入了母亲种族/民族、教育和香烟税的交互项。
尽管孕期吸烟率从 11.6%降至 8.9%，但未完成高中学业的白人和黑人女性的吸烟率仍居高不下（分别为 39.7%和 16.4%）。这些女性对香烟税的增加反应最敏感，但对无烟立法的反应不敏感。每增加 1 美元的香烟税，低学历的白人和黑人母亲每月吸烟量减少近 2 个百分点，每月吸烟量减少 14-22 支。
州级香烟税可能是一种有效的人群干预措施，可以减少孕期吸烟的种族/民族和社会经济差异。
