Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
Environ Res. 2014 Aug;133:388-95. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.033. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known or probable human carcinogens. We evaluated the relationship between PAH exposure and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using concentrations in residential dust as an exposure indicator. We conducted a population-based case-control study (251 ALL cases, 306 birth-certificate controls) in Northern and Central California from 2001 to 2007. We collected residential dust using a high volume small surface sampler (HVS3) (n=185 cases, 212 controls) or by sampling from participants' household vacuum cleaners (n=66 cases, 94 controls). We evaluated log-transformed concentrations of 9 individual PAHs, the summed PAHs, and the summed PAHs weighted by their carcinogenic potency (the toxic equivalence). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression adjusting for demographic characteristics and duration between diagnosis/reference date and dust collection. Among participants with HVS3 dust, risk of ALL was not associated with increasing concentration of any PAHs based on OR perln(ng/g). Among participants with vacuum dust, we observed positive associations between ALL risk and increasing concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (OR perln[ng/g]=1.42, 95% CI=0.95, 2.12), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.11, 3.55), benzo[k]fluoranthene (OR=1.71, 95% CI=0.91, 3.22), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.04, 3.16), and the toxic equivalence (OR=2.35, 95% CI=1.18, 4.69). The increased ALL risk among participants with vacuum dust suggests that PAH exposure may increase the risk of childhood ALL; however, reasons for the different results based on HVS3 dust samples deserve further study.
几种多环芳烃 (PAH) 是已知或可能的人类致癌物。我们使用住宅灰尘中的浓度作为暴露指标，评估 PAH 暴露与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 风险之间的关系。我们在 2001 年至 2007 年期间在加利福尼亚州北部和中部进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究（251 例 ALL 病例，306 例出生证明对照）。我们使用高容量小表面采样器 (HVS3)（185 例病例，212 例对照）或从参与者的家用吸尘器中采集住宅灰尘（66 例病例，94 例对照）。我们评估了 9 种个体 PAH 的对数转换浓度、总和 PAH 以及根据致癌潜力加权的总和 PAH（毒性等效物）。我们使用 logistic 回归调整了人口统计学特征和诊断/参考日期与灰尘收集之间的时间间隔，计算了比值比 (OR) 和 95%置信区间 (CI)。在使用 HVS3 灰尘的参与者中，基于 ORperln(ng/g)，ALL 风险与任何 PAH 浓度的增加均无关。在使用真空灰尘的参与者中，我们观察到 ALL 风险与苯并[a]芘（ORperln[ng/g]=1.42，95%CI=0.95，2.12）、二苯并[a，h]蒽（OR=1.98，95%CI=1.11，3.55）、苯并[k]荧蒽（OR=1.71，95%CI=0.91，3.22）、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘（OR=1.81，95%CI=1.04，3.16）和毒性等效物（OR=2.35，95%CI=1.18，4.69）浓度的增加呈正相关。使用真空灰尘的参与者中 ALL 风险的增加表明 PAH 暴露可能会增加儿童 ALL 的风险；然而，基于 HVS3 灰尘样本的不同结果的原因值得进一步研究。
