Shah Sonalee, Kaur Manpreet
Department of Oral Pathology, RajRajeshwari Dental College,Umarda, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2014 Jan;18(1):69-76. doi: 10.4103/0973-029X.131914.
Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant type of oral malignancy and is a result of oral carcinogenesis. Oral carcinogenesis is a mutifactorial and complex process related to the sequential occurrence of alterations in genetic structures, promoting inhibitory or excitatory effects of the tumor oncogenes and gene suppressors, compromising the histophysiology of the division, differentiation and cell death; and therefore, methods to prevent, detect, or treat it in the best way is constantly being searched for. Biomarkers reveal the genetic and molecular changes related to early, intermediate and late endpoints in the process of oral carcinogenesis. Thereby, they are likely to not only refine our ability to predict the biologic course of oral cancer and distinguish individuals at high and/or low risk of oral cancer development; but, also they will also reveal the genetic and molecular changes related to various endpoints of oral carcinogenesis. Chemopreventives are chemicals of natural or synthetic origin, which reduce the incidence of fatal diseases such as cancer before clinical symptoms occur. Chemopreventives are agents whose curative capacity is defined with help of biomarkers, as the later determine the effectiveness and safety of chemopreventives.
鳞状细胞癌是口腔恶性肿瘤的主要类型，是口腔癌发生的结果。口腔癌发生是一个多因素且复杂的过程，与基因结构改变的相继发生、肿瘤癌基因和基因抑制因子的促进抑制或兴奋作用、损害细胞分裂、分化和细胞死亡的组织生理学有关；因此，一直在寻找以最佳方式预防、检测或治疗它的方法。生物标志物揭示了与口腔癌发生过程中早期、中期和晚期终点相关的基因和分子变化。因此，它们不仅可能提高我们预测口腔癌生物学进程以及区分口腔癌发生高风险和/或低风险个体的能力；而且，它们还将揭示与口腔癌发生的各种终点相关的基因和分子变化。化学预防剂是天然或合成来源的化学物质，可在临床症状出现前降低诸如癌症等致命疾病的发病率。化学预防剂是其治疗能力借助生物标志物来定义的药剂，因为生物标志物决定了化学预防剂的有效性和安全性。
